Ford Motor Company How an Effective Action Plan Can Be Created Free Essay Example, 750 words

An effective action plan can be created by initially stating explicitly and clearly the defined goals and the time frame for implementing these objectives. After this, strategies must be designed to outline how these goals would be achieved. The strategies must be clearly communicated to all personnel involved in ensuring that these are carried out and implemented. Strategies would include giving motivation to personnel and enforcing the company s code of discipline. Finally, the manager should monitor the progress of implementation against standards and schedules to determine if there are any deviations from plans, what the causes of the deviations are, and how these deviations affect the enforcement of the plans. Any significant deviations that drastically affect the attainment of defined objectives must be immediately addressed. 4. List at least three steps that make-up a workable plan and explain why each is important. To make a workable plan, the following crucial steps must b e enforced: (1) define the objectives or goals of the plan. This is important to give directions and guidelines for strategy development and implementation. (2) Create workable strategies and provide a system of rewards and sanctions. We will write a custom essay sample on Ford Motor Company: How an Effective Action Plan Can Be Created or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now This step would enable both leaders and followers to implement strategies with enough incentives to improve productivity. Sanctions should also be in place to provide discipline in the workplace. (3) Monitor progress. There is a need for regular monitoring to determine the progress of the plans and to make the necessary corrections when needed. Discuss the option or combination of options you selected as the best course of action for Ford Motor Company and detail your reasons for selecting that option or combination of options. To improve the situation of Ford Motor Company in terms of their financial losses, the best courses of action are as follows: (1) focus on assembly lines and plants that produce cars that are higher in demand than trucks and SUVs (these units have been identified as not to be selling due to high gasoline expenses attributed to these vehicles).

Reverend Dimmesdales Guilt in Nathaniel Hawthornes The...

The Guilt of Dimmesdale in The Scarlet Letter nbsp; God does not like the sin of adultery. He does not like lying. He does not like hypocrisy. There are two roads that one can choose. In the end, what may seem like the easy way may have far greater consequences than the hard way. Arthur Dimmesdale chose the easy path and learned that the pain of guilt is far greater than the pain of shame. nbsp; From the start, Dimmesdale did not want to live with the consequence of his sin. To begin with, he must of told Hester not to tell anyone about his sin, because on the scaffold, she will not tell anyone (pg. 64). Clearly, Dimmesdale was afraid of the justice and the shame that would follow. He thought that if no one knew, he could†¦show more content†¦63). Here he says that it would be better for him to come down and stand on the scaffold than to keep in hiding. He even calls himself a hypocrite, but his concern for his reputation keeps him from doing the right thing. When Dimmesdale goes up on the scaffold, he must do it at night for fear of someone seeing him (pg. 136). This shows that his fear is still greater than the pain inside. Consequently, it will be too late when he finally does confess. More than once, Mr. Dimmesdale had gone into the pulpit, with a purpose never to come down the steps until he should have spoken words like the above. More than once, he had cleare d his throat, and drawn in the long, deep, and tremulous breath, which, when sent forth again, would come burdened with the black secret of his soul. (pg. 132). This again emphasizes that he wanted to change, but he is just too afraid of losing his reputation of a Godly pastor. Hester was able to bear the shame, and she is a better person for it, but Dimmesdale holds back because he does not see the big picture. It all boils down to his fear of losing his reputation. nbsp; Dimmesdale finally realizes that he has to change, but the sin had already done its damage. Referring to the dead man and the weeds on his grave, Chillingworth says, They grew out of his heart, and typify, it may be, some hideous secret that was buried with him, and which he had done better to confess during his lifetime. (pg. 120). He isShow MoreRelated Greatest Sinner in Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter Essay1267 Words   |  6 PagesThe Greatest Sinner in The Scarlet Letter      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mankind is prone to some degree of sin. A question that has always plagued mankind is how one can achieve redemption from sin. Any sin becomes compounded when the perpetrator does not take responsibility for it. In the book The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne, perhaps the greatest sinner was Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale.    Many of Hawthornes works center around what is right or wrong, and the consequences of breaking the basicRead MoreVerbal Irony In Nathaniel Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter741 Words   |  3 Pagesdownward upon his fearful client. Wait, a crooked toothed dentist? Ironic, isn’t it. Irony is a clever literary device that many authors use to make the audience stop and ponder what has been said, emphasize a central topic or idea, or do both. Nathaniel Hawthorne, being the exceptional author that he is,uses each of the three types of irony, verbal, dramatic, and situational, to affirm his simple truth, â€Å"Be true! Be true! Be true!† throughout his novel. This chair is as comfortable as sittingRead MoreEssay Sin, Guilt, and the Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne1490 Words   |  6 PagesSin, Guilt, and the Mind of Nathaniel Hawthorne      Ã‚   Nathaniel Hawthornes works are notable for their treatment of guilt and the complexities of moral choices. Moral and religious concerns, in short, are almost always present in Hawthornes work(Foster, 56). Given Hawthornes background, it is not a stretch of the imagination to say that his novels are critiques of Puritanism. Hawthorne lived in the deeply scarred New England area, separated from Puritanism by only one generation. His grandfatherRead MoreReview Of The Scarlet Letter 1524 Words   |  7 Pagesmoments often leave an impression and final cast for their true character and virtues. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, the author knows the importance of â€Å"lasts† in the novel and uses the last moments of characters to explore common themes of human nature and to further develop a character. The author Nathaniel Hawthorne of The Scarlet Letter uses literary artistry, the final decisive acts of Reverend Dimmesdale, and the last exposition and the responses of t he Puritan community to further explore theRead MoreNathaniel Hawthorne’s Diction of the Scarlet Letter952 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne’s Diction of The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne presents the reader with the harsh, life changing conflicts of three Puritan characters during the 17th century. Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, and Robert Chillingworth must endure their different, yet surprisingly similar struggles as the novel progresses. Despite their similarities, Hawthorne shows these individuals deal with their conflicts differently, and in the end, only one prevails. NathanielRead MoreScarlet Letter Essay On Nature1175 Words   |  5 PagesSkylar Bowyer October 24, 2017 Mr. Bernstein Scarlet Letter Essay Albert Einstein, a famous theoretical physicist, once said, â€Å"Look deep into nature, and then you will understand everything better.† Nature reveals much more to the human eye than many people realize. By looking deep into nature, one can find the inner workings of the universe and the simplicity of life. The Puritans and other main characters in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter did exactly this. Within the novel, readers witnessRead MoreTheme Of Guilt In The Scarlet Letter820 Words   |  4 PagesNathaniel Hawthorne was a famous american author. Hawthorne’s most famous novel The Scarlet Letter was written in 1850. Throughout this novel, Hawthorne explores many different types of themes. In his novel, The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses symbolism of The Scarlet Letter, Pearl, and the Leech to contribute to the overall theme of guilt. To begin with, Hawthorne uses the scarlet letter â€Å"A† to contribute to the theme of Guilt. The townspeople no longer see a beautiful woman Hester PrynneRead MorePublic Humiliation2337 Words   |  10 Pagespunishment. On the other hand, as a result of Reverend Dimmesdale withholding his sin, a hard-hitting sickness secretly hits the reverend. The scarlet letter located on Hester’s chest is a constant reminder of her wrong decision. In the novel The Scarlet Letter, author Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses the effects of sin in many ways, including public humiliation, Hester and the scarlet letter and Dimmesdale’s sickness. Maria Stromberg, who wrote the article â€Å"Hawthorne’s Black Man: Image of Social Evil† expressesRead MoreAnalysis Of Hester Prynne In The Scarlet Letter, By Nathaniel Hawthorne1123 Words   |  5 Pagesthe main theme of the psychological effects of guilt and sin by remaining beautiful and composed on the outside even with her punishment,yet internally, she constantly struggles with the aftermath of her sins. Hester Prynne possesses certain characteristics that classify her as a tragic hero. Some characteristics include free choice, punishment that exceeds the crime, and the moment of recognition. From a critical perspective, Hawthorne’s ‘Scarlet Letter’, by George B. Loring, he argues that â€Å"the effectRead MoreSecrets in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter Essays608 Words   |  3 Pagescomes with it. In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Reverend Dimmesdale physically deteriorates because of his guilt caused by a dishonorable sin. The Puritan society in which the story is set discourages the idea of the private self, which Hawthorne shows by creating distinctions between the characters’ private and public lives, specifically Dimmesdale’s. Dimmesdale’s public life and private life are radically different, but affect each other nonetheless. Dimmesdale’s private life destroys

Teachers and maintenance discipline in a classroom situation Free Essays

string(81) " in such a manner that scholars took positively towards benefits of instruction\." In order to hold a better as a schoolroom director ( instructor ) one must hold the followers: Handle every sort of schoolroom subject job Learn to convey any schoolroom under control Get the pupils ‘ attending Let there be regard for each other particularly sentiments or replies and There must be quietness If one can conceive of himself or herself in the schoolroom twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours passing all the clip learning to an attentive category. As a instructor you will demo the deep rooted love in replying the call as a instructor. A instructor whose pupils are punctual because promptness is the psyche of concern, respectful on undertaking and attentive all the will decidedly bask his or her undertaking. We will write a custom essay sample on Teachers and maintenance discipline in a classroom situation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Form my observation Manchester Academy is one of the schools that keep schoolroom under control, and this shows a clean and clear apprehension of planning. Knowing how to maintain a schoolroom non merely controlled but on undertaking and attentive is the most important accomplishment a instructor can hold, without which no effectual instruction can take topographic point. At Manchester Academy I observed the school has a batch to offer and they have given themselves clip to offer it, because it is non a nice feeling traveling to category mundane feeling you do non hold the necessary tools to acquire the acquisition atmosphere you justly deserve. It is a nice feeling traveling to your category knowing that you will be learning in a favorable ambiance that is contributing to larning and that you have the tools to manage any state of affairs, alternatively of seeking to convey order or shushing a inveterate riotous pupil or shouting that there should be quietness every clip. Manchester Academy displayed that spirit during the reading lessons. As instructors we do non desire our schoolrooms to be orderly merely for its ain interest or because we are on some sort of power trip, but so that we can give pupils what we have to offer. Sometimes you find you want to larn this from person who does non hold to be that right, but who has had to set up schoolroom control even inside the worst behaved schoolrooms found anyplace in the universe. Management and subject are the chief ingredients in the instructors ‘ planning. Sound subject and direction underpins every facet of the school life. For successful instruction and acquisition to take topographic point it is of import that good subject exist in every schoolroom in peculiar and in the school as a whole. Harmonizing to Hill A ; Hill ( 1997: 16 ) † scholars learn to the best of their abilities in an orderly and safe environment. † Research workers like Potgieter, Visser, Van der Bank, Mothata and Squelch ( 1997:59 ) stated that â€Å" if subject is non taken into consideration, the school environment will be unsafe in the educational procedure may be disrupted. † This may besides impact the educational attainment of scholars. In this respect Levin A ; Nalon ( 1991:30 ) province that, â€Å" in add-on to the obvious impact on the instruction and larning environment riotous behavior, can besides impact the scholars ‘ safety, preparedness to larn every bit good as future behavior. † In add-on, Hill A ; Hill ( 1994:6 ) â€Å" if subject can destruct the possibility of a safe and orderly environment and thereby a shackle the nucleus intent of the school. † It is hence necessary that subject is maintained in a school for the public assistance and safety of scholars and pedagogues, and for the success of the educational procedure. Learners in the farther instruction are working hard to organize the ain individualities asseverating power through the brilliant by presenting instructors. Coetzer A ; Le Roux ( 1996:84 ) endorse this position when they stated that, â€Å" modern kids and young person want to set up their ain life, and by making so will melt Rebel against subject and authorization. † They sum up by stating that â€Å" the young person have been emancipated to populate their ain life styles as they see it fit and accept values different from the society. â€Å" Sowetan ( South Africannewspaper ) of Thursday March, 17 2011: 5 ( Early edition ) states that â€Å" we call on all students to contend fire with fire-when instructors hit you, you must hit back. â€Å" As a consequence, instructors experience troubles, experiencing that they are challenged and might lose control. A deficiency of subject in public schools is experient all over the universe. Wayson A ; Pinnell ( 1994:1534 ) â€Å" The deficiency of scholar subject in many public schools throughout the universe has been a affair of great concern for school direction and instructors, to a lesser extent for scholars themselves parents and the general populace. † Harmonizing to Charles ( 1996:3 ) legion surveies that were conducted in the USA in 1992, have listed subject is a major job with which instructors must postulate and a important factor in instructors go forthing the profession. In add-on to the job, Charles ( 1996:3 ) provinces, â€Å" instructors try to reassign off from the schools that have high degrees of misbehavior, live in such schools in the custodies of instructors non yet skilled in exercising keeping subject. † From a personal observation and informal interviews with instructors I as a school teacher at a 2nd at the school have concluded that it is subject is non prevailing in Manchester Academy. The bulk of instructors seem to believe that scholars should non be left entirely to their ain devices without being controlled or supervised. The position of supervising featured Manchester Academy High School. Learners are non left to act in whatever manner they wish. The instructors in the Manchester Academy are non kicking that they are making more policing work than learning in the schoolroom. Manchester Academy has a computerized manner of tracking and training scholars who misbehave harmonizing to the type of offenses. Teachers do non pass clip disproportionately covering with this riotous behavior of scholars and the consequence of the actions. Apparently Manchester Academy impart their perceptual experiences in such a manner that scholars took positively towards benefits of instruction. You read "Teachers and maintenance discipline in a classroom situation" in category "Essay examples" Proper, important and sympathetic counsel of class will ever help scholars to see the demand to set up good resonance with instructors and eventually with parents. It is the duty of the instructors to keep a civilization of instruction and acquisition in schools, but it is non possible to make so if the subject and the safety are non considered in the school environment. Disintegrated subject causes trouble in the attainment of school aims. Schools become there is functional when both scholars and instructors can non work efficaciously and expeditiously under conditions which are non contributing and are shocking. Learners can non set down and instructors can non learn in an insecure environment. A safe an orderly school environment is a req uirement for acquisition and instruction to take topographic point. Thus instructors can merely dispatch their professional responsibilities if there is order and subject in both the schoolroom and the school as a whole. How can teachers keep subject? Research workers are of an sentiment that instructors play a critical function in keeping subject and control within the school. Harmonizing to Joubert A ; Prinsloo ( 1999:55 ) , â€Å" pedagogues are responsible to keep subject at all times. † Varma ( 1993:31 ) provinces that, â€Å" beyond their duty for learning, pedagogues are besides responsible for the moral development of scholars and to guarantee that they become observant citizens. † This implicitly means that within the school community, instructors are expected to react in a commanding Y to misdemeanors of the institutional regulations and of the school and signifiers such as larceny, and strong-arming that has a direct bearing on the moral sphere. The Department of Education besides demands that subject be maintained in school so that civilization of instruction and acquisition is realized. Harmonizing to Section 8 ( 1 ) Of the South African Schools Act ( SASA ) ( RSA, 1996 a: 8 ) , subject must be maintain ed in the school and schoolroom state of affairss so that the instruction of scholars flourishes.Teachers are in fact expected to manage riotous scholars in the categories so that scholars can concentrate on the school assignment. Butchart A ; McEwan support this position by saying that, â€Å" inequality school, pedagogues must larn how to manage a riotous scholar in a manner that is non punitory, yet gets the state of affairs under control and at the same clip opens the scholars in head to work in category † How to match subject and equity? One of the inquiries on the questionnaire is â€Å" what is your ( instructor ) function in a show in subject in your school? † Harmonizing to Hosten et Al ( in Oosthuizen 1985:59 ) explains fairness as â€Å" the moral value that serves as a norm to guarantee nonpartisanship when covering with viing involvements of assorted topics. † This denotes that the involvements of both instructors and scholars must be protected. The scholars are the legal topics and have legal rights that should be protected. The scholars other legal topics and have legal rights that should be protected. Section 12 ( 1 ) of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa ( RSA, 1996 degree Celsius: 8 ) . In this independent survey support ( ISS ) hungry and took shy to reply inquiries that have been asked in the questionnaire. Manchester Academy claim to be executing really good in footings of subject, direction and leading since its passage. Now strategies for good schoolroom subject could be based on both standard and student behavioral facet to do subject more effectual. The followers may perchance help instructors to better the jobs that may be at that place in state of affairss, that is, they might be underlying issues in the school and has to be solved in expectancy. Aid to scholars and their voice. Teachers should steer scholars towards their ain behavior. Passing opinion on lawbreakers ‘ action instructors should alternatively inquire inquiries that encourage scholars to judge their ain behavior. They should remain focused and if need be, assist scholars to accept ownership of their actions. Teachers should steer scholars for bettering future behavior. They should inquire scholars to explicate alternate ways of acting the following clip they are confronted with similar state of affairss. Teachers should construct scholars ‘ committedness to their programs by giving them feedback and support. Learners will experience more committed if instructors acknowledge the cogency of their programs. Making this could be every bit simple as oculus contact. Teachers should non let onionskin alibis are the lone service to avoid duty. Harmonizing to Rich ( 1982:169 ) â€Å" school regulations may be breached when scholars feel that they are undue † . This will doubtless go on if scholars were non allowed to take portion in the preparation of regulations. It is hence necessary that scholars must understand why regulations have been formulated and why they should follow with them. Again, harmonizing to Blandford ( 1998:39 ) â€Å" a school without an effectual subject policy that encompasses schemes and mechanisms that are available to all the members of the school community, can non work as a centre for learning and larning. † The procedure of developing and implementing subject policy involves collaborative decision-making. Therefore, all the members of the school should hold an chance to take portion in the decision-making. Sunday Times ( South African newspaper ) of 12.01. 1992, noted that â€Å" grade 12 scholars in black townships in South Africa, were continuously neglecting because of the conspicuous deficiency of subject among them. † It is of import that subject should be maintained at all times in schools and that each and every school must hold a codification of behavior. Teachers should avoid doing irrelevant regulations because this will make serious disciplinary jobs in the school and the schoolroom. McQueen ( 1992:56 ) supports this position and infinite that â€Å" irrelevant regulations are useless and black because ailing chosen regulations will make serious direction and disciplinary jobs in the schoolroom state of affairs. Motivating and promoting scholars. They word â€Å" motive † is derived from a Latin word â€Å" movere † significance to travel ( McLean, 2003:7 ) . Therefore, motive is the amount of all that moves a individual to action. To actuate indicate that one individual provides another individual with a motivation to make something. Motivation can be regarded as the cardinal facet of emotional intelligence. Harmonizing to the South African Oxford Dictionary ( 1998:285 ) . The term â€Å" motivate † means to give a individual a motivation or inducement to make something. Harmonizing to Word mention online, con sized Oxford lexicon ( 2008 ) the word â€Å" motive † means â€Å" excite the involvement of. † First, it has a directional undertakings taking among options and keeping the action desired. Second, it has strength, for illustration degree of enthusiasm ( McLean 2003:37 ) . Harmonizing to Burden ( 1995:16 ) . Most pedagogues use the construct motive to depict â€Å" those procedures which can elicit any initiate behavior, continue to let the behavior to prevail, and lead to taking or preferring a specific behavior. † Teachers are hence interested in a peculiar kind of scholar motive which is to actuate scholars to larn. Teachers should guarantee that scholars are motivated to larn and act suitably because demotivated scholars get discouraged easy. Teachers should honor scholars when they are acting good for finishing their work. They should make this through congratulations and category acknowledgment. Any program for covering with misbehaviour must include encouragement of good behavior, otherwise learners learn what they are non make, but they have non learnt what they should make. To further discourse the impact of schoolroom subject is partially involves on the scholars conduct, are the ability and accomplishments that instructors should hold. Patience comes foremost, particularly when a scholar has a behavioral job, and this should be given attending in an appropriate manner, hence as portion of the instructors responsibilities and duties. Making it a point that effectual instruction makes scholars learned. The instructor plays a important function in which it imparts the cognition and accomplishments to the scholars and the instructor should love and demo the deep-seated love in the calling that is believed he or she chose it volitionally. The instructor must hold the enterprise on how to cover with each scholar in category, doing it his or her responsibility to affect to maintain scholars busy and at the same clip see their category as gratifying and holding a great impact on the field of larning. Taking into awareness that scholars differ in their abilities and instructors should cognize up to what extent would a peculiar be able absorb the lesson. Skills coupled with effectual schoolroom subject can be acquired through pattern, holding feedback and besides willing to accept merely errors is no 1 is infallible. Teachers must walk the talk. Teachers who have many old ages of experience have contributed to a specific position of what peculiar technique work and what are the relevant methods that may non be applicable in training a category with such inevitable scholars ‘ behavioral facet. The instructor must do it a point that the instruction method and manner or managing subject must keep a sort of ambiance that enhances larning for the scholars. The manner the category is arranged signifiers portion of category subject. A good category agreement makes it easy to keep subject. It is the instructors ‘ duty to be argus-eyed at all times to supervise and detect scholars ‘ public presentation in activities. Apparatus, books learning AIDSs and other stuff should ever be readily available. Harmonizing to Ofsted study of the 30th to 31st of March 2009. It is stated that Manchester Academy is † outstanding † This shows that Manchester Academy as a school is working really hard to bring forth good hereafter citizens. The 2009 study further stated that the school aims to to the full fit the pupils in such a sensible mode. Learners are expected to travel into the outside universe, skilled and ready to run into the demands of life. Parents and instructors have a responsibility to fix them to execute good in the community every bit good is in the universe of work. They must hold an impact upon the scholars ‘ behavior by learning them about the determinations and choices the scholars have to do every twenty-four hours and how such determinations and hints affected their lives, both at school and thenceforth. For illustration, â€Å" a disciplinary step against a scholar who comes to school tardily will help to promote him or her to be on clip and be more responsible and accountable in the hereafter ( Lemmer, 1998:47 ) . Discipline challenges the scholars to make self-contemplation about their end and intent in life. Discipline should stress success and non failure. It should help the scholars to develop their single abilities in order to run into challenges of life with assurance. If this has occur red the scholars would hold gained a sense of security and significance in life through subject Lent at school. Decision. Learners of Manchester Academy are good disciplined. They are good motivated and they besides had an chance to research themselves outside the schoolroom, hence they say that they are â€Å" prepared exceptionally good for farther survey and work beyond the school. † The school ‘s positive clime and success are obtained from the good behavior of scholars. The instructors in a subject school our free and happy to learn without being preoccupied with tenseness and fright caused by misconducting scholars. The disciplinary jobs that are common in lending to, indiscipline in Manchester Academy seems to be identified and discussed with scholars so that proactive actions are taken to advance good subject. Rights and responsibilities of instructors and their part in keeping subject merely at that place because it is said that the â€Å" follow policy. † See appendix. Educators seem to back up the school principal/headmaster by guaranting that the scholars observe school regulations and ordinances in they are held responsible for any misbehaviour hence the school has a commission responsible for behavior harmonizing to their types. Teachers can non work in isolation in acquiring read of ill-disciplined behavior in category in the school as a whole. It takes an attempt from all the stakeholders, including the school, parents and scholars to minimise deficiency of subject. See appendix. How to cite Teachers and maintenance discipline in a classroom situation, Essay examples

The Information Centre for Health and Social Care

Question: Describe about The Information Centre for Health and Social Care? Answer: Need Who Or Nhs Definition According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Breastfeeding is an unequalled way of providing ideal food for the healthy growth and development of infants; it is also an integral part of the reproductive process with important implications for the health of mothers (WHO, 2001). The sucking reflex in involved in helping the babies to suck and swallow the milk (Morton et al., 2005). The effects of breastfeeding on the health of the infants, is vast. Many studies were performed to study the impact of breast feeding on the maternal and infant health, in the countries that are developed. In a cohort study conducted by Ip et al (2007), a meta analysis based study was performed. The results of the demonstrated that the activity of breastfeeding was accompanied with the reduction in the risk of acute otitis media, infections of the lower respiratory tract and non specific gastroenteritis and even asthma and SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). However, there was no significant relationsh ip between the infancy term and cognitive development. The relationship between cardiovascular diseases and breastfeeding was also not clear. As far as the maternal health outcomes were concerned, the breastfeeding history said that the mothers who breastfed, had reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, ovarian cancer and breast cancer (Ip et al., 2007). Please Need Appendix For This Reference The statistics of women who breastfeed in UK is around 80% (Information Centre for Health and Social Care, 2011). There has been a steady increase in the percentage since 1990 and this increase can be attributed to the increase in the general awareness of the impact of breastfeeding on the health of the mother as well as the infant (UNICEF UK BFI, 2001; Department of Health, 2007). However, the rate of increase in the number of women who still breastfed, after six month of birth of their child, was low between 2000-2005. The rates of women who indulged in exclusive breastfeeding was less than 45% (one week post birth) and even less than 1% were doing so at the time of six months post birth (Bolling et al., 2007). 90% of the women who stop breastfeeding owe this to their intentions about breastfeeding as they stop this even before they think they would. In UK, the statistics say that around 75% of the babies receive no breastmilk at all, by 5 months of age (Lee, 2007). According to th e Baby friendly initiative, the rate of babies who are breastfed in UK rose by 5% i,e. from 76% to 81%, Compared to the rates of breastfeeding in Scotland, Northern Ireland and Wales, England had the highest rate of 83% (as recorded in 2010 (The baby friendly initiative, 2010). If we look into the statistical data and report for Wolverhampton, the major finding has been that 45.2% of the school going children belong to the black or minority ethnic group. The rate of health and well being of the children is worse than the rates prevalent in England. In wolverhampton, 40% of thw woman breast feed at 6 to 8 months. But his rate is lower than the number of women breastfeeding in England. 65.4% of the women start breastfeeding when their baby is born. But in this area, the percentage of babies who are ever breastfed is very less when compared with the percentage of Europe, that being 89.1% (Chimat, 2013). When the rate of breastfeeding in Wolverhamptom is compared to the breastfeeding ra te in other countries, it can be said, that in other countries like Brazil, Fortaleza, etc, the rate is lower. In Brazil, around 47.5% women indulge in exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month and this rate decreases sharply to 7.7% at 6 months. Fortaleza, however, has higher rates, with 73.4% women indulging in breastfeeding at 1 month and this decreases to 10.2% at 6 months (Henry et al., 2010). The government has implemented many breasfeeding promotion programs that have impacted the women in such a way that the rates of breastfeeding have increased significantly. The Breastfeeding manifesto coalition aims for a society where the women feel capable and are able to initiate and continue breastfeeding for as long as possible, there is constant support for the parents to make choices regarding the feeding of their babies and the society is well aware of the benefits of human milk. This manifesto was introduced in 2006 by collaboration among twenty UK based organizations and all these organizations worked in promoting awareness regarding the health benefits of breastfeeding (The coalition, 2006). Influence Of Cultural And Environmental Factors The general fact about breastfeeding is that this milk is the best form of milk for the new born baby but the literature based evidence suggests that the percentage of mother who prefer breastfeeding is low as compared to the mothers who switch to bottle feeding within the first 6 months of the birth of the baby. Although the factors contributing to this change in preference are partially defined, the research based studies have suggested few possible factors. In a study conducted in 1979, the results depicted several factors contributing to decline in the awareness of importance of breast milk. But the results could be used in future research as they provided the natural history of breast feeding and also provided the guidelines based on which breastfeeding promotion program could be designed. Other related studies have found out that the demographic factors are same for both, the mother who breastfeed and the mothers who bottle feed. However, the studies have revealed three major d ifferences: the impact of lifestyle, the impact of education and the conditioning. The mothers who breast fed were more likely to work outside home and were social drinkers but did not smoke. Secondly, the parents of the babies who were breast fed, were mostly university graduates. And lastly, the conditioning of the parents of the babies who were breast fed, was better as they were found to be ready to take up the responsibility of the parenthood more sincerely (Rousseau et al., 1982). In another study, the impact of modifiable factors, on breastfeeding was observed and it was found that the major contributing factors are: the intention of breastfeeding, self efficacy of breast feeding, and the social support for the mothers. The breastfeeding midwifery promotion programs, that already have been implemented, have a strong social support for the new mothers but lack modification of the self efficacy or the ability to drive the intention of breastfeeding towards a positive direction (Meedya, S., Fahy, K and Kable, A., 2010). There are many factors- demographic, social, environmental and cultural, that affect the initiation of breastfeeding. The demographic factors include the maternal age and the level of her education. The older and highly educated women have been shown to indulge in breastfeeding initiation. There are certain psychological factors as well, like the cases where the fathers also support breastfeeding. In such cases, the mothers are motivated and find support of their husband in initiating the breastfeeding. Some of the cultural norms like the role of media in displaying their attitude towards breastfeeding, demonstration of artificial feeding as the normal and healthy practice, provision of places in the public, for the mothers to breastfeed their infants/ babies. These factors influence the choice of the mother to breastfeed their babies and these cultural practices can explain the differeing rates of breastfeeding aong women belonging to different countries and communities. Artificial feeding has become the most common cultural practice in UK, USA and some parts of Europe. Only some women, who belong to high income groups, are an exception to this practice (The University of York, 2000). Conclusion Breastfeeding is linked with the reduction of risk of many diseases and adverse health conditions resulting from gastroenteritis, otitis media, necrotizing enterocolitis, etc. some research studies have also concluded that breastfeeding is associated with obesity during childhood and the development of the cognitive senses (Oakley, L., Renfrew, M, Kurinczuk, J and Quigley, M., 2013). The rates of breastfeeding in UK are very low as compared to the rates in the rest of the world and the rates are even lowest in Europe. Many socio-cultural factors, environmental factors and demographic factors as well, have been involved in describing their influence on the rate of breastfeeding. And still research is being conducted to study the perceptions and experiences of the women of breastfeeding. The data suggests that most of the women in UK take the decision of infant feeding without prior consultation with the health professional and secondly, the health promotional campaigns have been, till date, successful in spreading the awareness about the benefits of breastfeeding and educating the women. The statistical records have also shown that women, who have low income or are less educated, prefer stopping breastfeeding after one month of the birth of their baby. However, research based studies have also shown that highly educated women, and those who get support from their husbands, tend to continue breastfeeding atleast for the first six months (Earle, S., 2002). 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