Child Health Patterns Essay

1)Compare and contrast identified similarities as well as differences in expected assessment across the childhood age groups. In the health perception category parents are responsible for their child’s perceived level of health and well-being, and on practices for maintaining health. In the school age years the children are beginning to incorporate their own health practices like good hygiene in their daily lives. The nutrition and metabolic pattern continues with help of the parents. Toddlers and preschoolers rely on their parents to make sure that they are eating the right foods. School age kids are in the stage where they can pick out their own foods and have been taught what the best sources of good nutrition are. In the toddler age group, parents are beginning to initiate toileting training. By the school age years this age groups has elimination patterns similar to adults. With the exception of those who have elimination problems like enuresis. Throughout the three age groups, activity and exercise levels continue to increase with the learning of new fine and gross motor skills. Once again parents continue to play a big role by promoting healthy levels of physical activity with their child. As the child begins to age so does their ability to comprehend and use information. Each age group the child continues to add another cognitive function. The biggest difference between sleep patterns is that as the child ages naps are no longer needed. All of the age groups tend to need at least 8 hours of sleep. The differences between the age groups in the roles and relationship pattern is that in the toddler and preschool age they try to identify with their parents or care givers whereas school age children begin to focus or identify with their peers. The value and belief pattern is instilled in the child when they are born. Parents or caregivers teach their children what values are important to them. 2)Summarize how a nurse would handle physical assessments, examinations, education, and communication differently with children versus adults. Consider spirituality and cultural differences in your answer. Adults and children are in two different stages of life. Children are in the stages were they are still learning and understanding how the healthcare world works. Most adults on the other hand are used to going to the doctor and they kind of understand the routine during the assessment process. â€Å"Many assessment techniques for the child are similar to those of the adults. Techniques for approaching the pediatric patient vary from one age group to the next. A basic principle during the physical assessment is building a trusting relationship; this can be done in a variety of ways† (Estes, 2006, pg 848). When assessing the child the nurse must establish a game plan based on the child’s age. Children are already frightened about the idea of receiving an exam but the nurse can use techniques to reduce anxiety. Parents or caregivers must be available for support. According to Estes, 2006 nurses can use game playing and they can demonstrate procedures on a doll, stuff toy or on the parent to increase patient cooperativeness. The writer remembers learning in nursing school about when taking the blood of a younger child. Never say â€Å"I’m going to take your blood pressure† but say something like â€Å"I going to see how strong your muscles are with this cuff†. When educating the child try to involve their parents but use materials that are on the child’s level. This can consists of materials that use colorful pictures and graphics. Individuals have to understand their own beliefs and traditions especially nurses who are with always dealing with the public. Each day more nurses are providing care to patients that are from different cultures. With such a diverse population challenges will be faced. â€Å"As American society shifts in demographics and attitudes about diversity, there is a growing recognition that health and illness care occurs in dynamic interactions situated within complex cultural contexts for both patients and providers† (Benkert, Borse, Doorenbos,Schim,2005, pg324). Nurse have to be more culturally sensitive when assessing and educating patients. If the nurse is unfamiliar with ethnicity or race then research should be done before the assessment if time allows. References Benkert, R. Borse,N. Doorenbos, A. & Schim, S.2005. Psychometric Evaluation of the Cultural Competence Assessment Instrument Among Healthcare Providers. Nursing Research.54(5)324-331. Edleman,C. & Mandle C.(2010). Health Promotion Throughout the Life Span. Missouri: Mosby Elsevier. Estes M. (2006). Health Assessment & Physical Examination.Canada: Thompson Delmar Learning.

Okonkwo Character Analysis

To help you, my dear clan, learn the importance of not letting your personal flaws be the reason for your downfall, I must tell you about our former clansman, Okonkwo. I watched as his weaknesses and pride brought him down to the point of suicide, which is the escape of cowards. He killed himself because he felt like he had nothing left to live for. Instead of facing a new, changed life in Umuofia, he escaped by taking his own. Before his downward spiral, Okonkwo was known as a self-determined and hard-working man who worked hard to earn many titles amongst our clan.Listen as I explain Okonkwo’s character. Okonkwo’s father was Unoka, who was loved by all amongst the clan. â€Å"He was tall but very thin and had a slight stoop. He wore a haggard and mournful look except when he was drinking or playing on his flute† (4). Unoka was lazy and had many debts that he didn’t pay off yet he was loved. Okonkwo grew up observing his dad mettle through life by living off others. â€Å"But Unoka was such a man that he always succeeded in borrowing more, and piling up debts† (5).Okonkwo watched his father be pitied because he couldn’t feed his wives or children. At his death, Unoka had no titles and he was still greatly in debt. â€Å"Any wonder then that his son Okonkwo was ashamed of him? † (7) Due to his father’s example, Okonkwo knew he wanted to achieve great things and he was determined he would become the opposite of his father. This aspect of Okonkwo’s character leads him to success. Okonkwo succeeded materially in our clan. One particular point of recognition happened when he fought Amanlize the Cat.Amanlize the Cat had not been defeated in seven years, and so when Okonkwo defeated him at the young age of eighteen he became well known throughout our nine villages. Okonkwo continued to grow into a great man. â€Å"He was tall and huge, and his bushy eyebrows and wide nose gave him a very severe look†¦. When he walked his heels hardly touched the ground and he seemed to walk on springs† (3). With his hard work he earned three wives, found financial security, ran a successful yam farm, produced multiple children, built several huts, and received many titles.Unfortunately, as sometimes happens with great men, Okonkwo had flaws. He had a temper, no self-control, he was over confidant, and he beat his poor wives. His most serious flaw was his pride. Just as he’d hoped, Okonkwo became the total opposite of his dad who had been a lazy debtor. His dad had also been a peace loving and kind man who was loved by all in our villages and Okonkwo could not say the same. An instance where Okonkwo let his pride cloud his judgment is when he participated in the killing of Ikemefuna, a boy he was raising as his own son. Okonkwo thought of Ikemefuna as the perfect son.Okonkwo liked that his biological son Nwoye and Ikemefuna were getting along because he was afraid of Nwoye’s lack of manliness. Okonkwo felt that Nwoye hanging around Ikemefuna would make him more of a man. Trouble arose when the Oracle in his village decided that Ikemefuna had to die because he was interfering with Okonkwo and his oldest son, Nwoye’s, relationship. Okonkwo was warned in advanced not to participate in the killing of Ikemefuna, but he did anyway because he was afraid of what the other men in the tribe would think of him if he didn’t participate.Okonkwo was too worried that he would be viewed as weak. His pride drove him to help kill a boy he loved as a son and this greatly harmed his relationship with Nwoye. Okonkwo was also too worried about Nwoye becoming â€Å"womanly† like his father, Unoka, and he didn’t realize how he was hurting his family with his violent and stubborn nature. Later on there was an instance when Okonkwo’s carelessness leads him to accidently kill a woman from our village.The custom in our village is to exile a man for seven years for such a crime and therefore Okonkwo went to his mother’s village, Mbanta. As the elders said, if one finger brought oil it soiled the others† (106). After seven long years of exile in his mother’s village, Okonkwo returned to his village eager to start his life by building more huts and showing his wealth. When Okonkwo came back to Umuofia he expected his wealth to place him in the same circumstances as before his exile. â€Å"The clan had undergone such profound change during his exile that it was barley recognizable† (150). You see, the missionaries had come into the church and attracted many of our people to it.This changed our clan remarkable with all the new people. â€Å"He knew that he had lost his place among the nine masked spirits who administered justice in the clan† (140). In addition to the new religion that is to this day so different and odd to us, they built a government. In his pride, Okonkwo figured that he could go to war with the new white people, but this turned out to be harder than he expected. Once he went to war he kept being defeated and eventually Okonkwo’s anger got the best of him and he actually killed another man. It was useless.Okonkwo’s machete descended twice and the man’s head lay beside his uniformed body† (168). Okonkwo felt worthless, like his life meant nothing any more. Instead of facing the new changes in his clan, he went the cowardly way out through suicide. This man of our clan who had worked hard to become great in order to overcome the shame from his childhood and who had built wealth in our village allowed his pride to be his ruin. What Okonkwo did to end his own life was incredibly selfish and he took the coward’s way out.He killed others in his violent temper, he killed a boy who was like a son to him, and in the end, he killed himself. The only last noble thing Okonkwo did was try and stand up to fight and save our clan from being taken over by the white people. Okonkwo was a fighter and a warrior, but in the end everything he worked for was meaningless. Heed my warnings. Learn from your past to improve your future, but don’t allow your past to cloud your judgment and make you too prideful about your own negative qualities.

Current Strategy

CURRENT STRATEGY SUMMARY FOR INFRASTRUCTURE OPERATIONS SUPPORT SERVICES (IOSS) JOINT BASE POWELL, CA This document was compiled by the IOSS project office and summarizes how many of the Joint Base Powell Infrastructure, Operations, and Support Services (IOSS) requirements listed in the draft PWS were acquired in the past. Each service area is briefly covered by providing information about any current initiatives/contracts, current performance problems, and stakeholder comments about any changes in projected requirements.This document is intended to help the integrated acquisition project team 1) understand and consider the implications of how the various IOSS services requirements were procured in the past and/or are currently being procured; 2) identify potential risks involved in fulfilling the new requirements; and 3) contemplate the extent to which any existing policies and enterprise sourcing strategies might shape the acquisition strategy for this consolidated IOSS requirement. OVERVIEWThe requested IOSS requirement for Joint Base Powell includes 10 service areas. Some of the requirements in these service areas have been fulfilled through an expiring IOSS contract and a number of the services have been fulfilled through a multitude of individual services contracts. The following table summarizes the primary past sources for each of the 10 service areas in the IOSS requirement. Service Area| Previous Source| Contract Type| Housing | Previous IOSS Contract| CPIF/FFP|Transportation / Motor Pool Management | Previous IOSS Contract| CPIF/FFP| Engineering| Multiple Large and Small Businesses| Various| Janitorial/Custodial| AbilityOne & Small Businesses| FFP| Grounds Keeping / Landscaping | Multiple Small Businesses| FFP| Personnel Management and Support| Large Business| FFP| Security Protection | Large Business| Various| Financial Management| Large Business| FFP| Airfield Management| Previous IOSS Contract| CPIF/FFP| Port Support| Previous IOSS Contract| CPIF/F FP| CURRENT/EXPIRING IOSS CONTRACTFour of the service areas envisioned as part of the new IOSS contract are currently being fulfilled by the expiring IOSS contract with SIP, Inc. : transportation / motor pool management, housing, airfield operations, and port operations. The current contract is a 5-year (1 base year and 4 option years) CPIF/FFP contract, and the final option year is due to expire in a little over 12 months. Contract:| Infrastructure, Operations, Service and Support (IOSS)| Contractor:| SIP, Inc. (large business)| NAICS Code:| 561210  |Total Value:| $97. 5M| Type:| CPIF/FFP| Period of Performance:| 5 years (1-year base with 4 option years)| Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation| FY 20X0| FY 20X1| FY 20X2| FY 20X3| FY 20X4| Total| O&M| 18. 5M| $18. 9M| $19. 3M| $19. 7M| $21. 1M| $97. 5M| Housing Services The existing IOSS contract covers the following types of Housing Management Services: * Housing programming and personne l placement * Housing application management * Housing design and renovation Cost estimation, budgeting, and reporting * Pre-occupancy, pre-departure, and post-departure inspections Transportation / Motor Pool Management Services The existing IOSS contract covers the following Transportation / Motor Pool Management Services: * Operate, maintain, and manage all other services for the installation’s motor vehicle pool * Basic passenger and cargo transportation, loading, and unloading services (as needed) Airfield Management Services The existing IOSS contract covers the following types of Airfield Management Services: Airfield operations staffing * Airfield management and oversight * Airfield inspections (daily, monthly, yearly) and reporting * Airfield use planning, scheduling, and management * Coordinating with all local flying units * Flight planning support Port Support The existing IOSS contract covers the following types of Port Support Services: * Support for biannual tr ansfers of authority * Port maintenance and service planning * Port signage maintenance * Fire support services * Troop support services (laundry, food, etc. * Port operational support services (fueling/defueling, vehicle maintenance and recovery, supply, etc. ) Supplier Information Strategic Infrastructure Professionals (SIP), Inc. is a large business known for their extensive work with the federal government, including working as service/capability integrators. They are one of the few companies large enough to pull together and manage the various teaming partners and subcontractors required to fulfill the various requirements for an IOSS contract. Current PerformanceHousing Among other performance requirements, the current contract specifies that the contractor will: * Place 98% of personnel in appropriate housing within the threshold time period * Process 95% of housing applications within the threshold time period * Complete all housing design and renovation projects no more tha n 8% over the established baseline cost or schedule * Respond to 100% of customer service requests within the threshold time period * Complete 95% of all required inspections on scheduleThough performing well overall under these requirements, SIP has had trouble meeting the application processing (threshold time) and customer service request (threshold response time) requirements during some performance review periods. SIP attributes these issues to subcontractor mismanagement (which it takes responsibility for) and unrealistic estimates of volume fluctuations. SIP has also raised some concerns about its ability to accurately estimate its costs given those same volume fluctuations. Transportation / Motor PoolThe transportation / motor pool management services requirements also specify that the contractor is required to maintain the motor pool at a threshold average availability of 97%, as well as respond to transportation requests for cargo within all routine and emergency service c alls within the specified time limits 100% of the time. SIP has had trouble meeting the transportation availability and response time requirements. SIP attributes these issues to unrealistic expectations of an aging motor pool.Airfield Management The airfield management services requirements specify that the contractor is required to maintain threshold staffing levels, complete 98% of all required inspections on schedule, submit 95% of all required reports on schedule, receive no more than five validated complaints from local flying units per reporting period, and resolve all scheduling conflicts within threshold SLAs. SIP has been exemplary in its performance of the Airfield Management services. Port SupportThe port support requirements specify that the contractor is required to support biannual transfers of authority with no validated complaints per transfer, complete 98% of all required service on schedule, complete 98% of all required inspections on schedule, submit 95% of all r equired reports on schedule, and receive no more than five validated complaints regarding troop support and port operational support services per reporting period. SIP has been exemplary in its performance of the Port Support services.Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements The recent BRAC decisions to move personnel and organizations to Joint Base Powell will present some residential facilities maintenance challenges, as personnel will be relocating to the installation from different locations on different timetables. Facilities requirements and lead times can vary as much as 30% from estimates during these planned relocations, which specify only a five-year window. Complying with the â€Å"Better Buying Power† memorandum and its myriad efficiency initiatives are a top priority.The Pentagon program element monitor communicated that a 5-10% reduction in O&M funding over the next 3-4 years is a realistic possibility. Stakeholders for this contract will be looking for si gnificant cost savings and more granular insight into program costs. There is also some concern about the organizational infrastructure and support for a contract of this size and scope. The program manager and the installation Commander are in separate chains of command from the contracting organization, which may create some challenges.In addition, the program office for this new IOSS contract will be different than the program office for the existing IOSS contract. Some institutional knowledge may be lost, and there will certainly be a learning curve when it comes to contract administration. ENGINEERING SERVICES Many base tenants and independently funded programs at Joint Base Powell pursue their own contracts for general engineering services. Most of these engineering services requirements are for recurring engineering advisory & assistance services (A&AS), but support is frequently needed for specific and discrete engineering projects as well.Current Initiatives/Contracts An en terprise contract for engineering A&AS is in place that individual program offices use to fulfill many of their needs for engineering services. Contract:| General Engineering Support Services (GESS)| Contractors:| ManTech (large business)| | TEDCO (large business)| | Littlefield & Chang (small business)| | MECC, Inc. (large business)| | AnCal Consulting (small business)| NAICS Code:| 541330  | Total Value:| $17. 3M| Type:| IDIQ| Period of Performance:| One year base with four option years|Below is a high-level breakdown of the past and projected funding for this contract by FY. Appropriation| FY 20X0| FY 20X1| FY 20X2| FY 20X3| FY 20X4| Total| O&M / R&D| $3. 0M| $3. 3M| $3. 6M| $3. 7M| 3. 7M| $17. 3M| Current Performance Now in the middle of the second option year (four months remaining), there have been few issues with the contractors’ services to date. Each task order released under the contract specifies its own performance requirements, but in general the tasks are eith er FFP or incentivize the contractor to meet cost and schedule targets.Most of the issues that have arisen in this service area stem from variability in volume and conditions—the impact of an influx of personnel from BRAC on requirements scope and scheduling, for example, or the impact of severe weather on development or construction management. Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements We’re looking for engineering services, including comprehensive planning, project programming, project management, design and construction management, technical assistance and evaluations, engineering support, and warranty service management.However, there has been a lot of discussion about this service area in particular. Not all functional stakeholders want these services to be combined. Most like developing their own engineering contracts. Some additional comments: * The requirements in this service area are likely to be impacted by local environmental regulations. * Given the a mount of change orders involved in typical engineering services tasks, the contractor will bear an increased management burden for this service area * We need to retain cost viability, but some of the engineering services might be best suited as task orders on an IDIQ vehicle. The evaluation standards and criteria will have to be written very clearly to allow for an accurate value judgment in this services area; the current lack of clarity around some of the future requirements in this area may be an issue, as we will want to give the team room to trade off past performance and skill level against cost. JANITORIAL/CUSTODIAL SERVICES Currently, a few local small businesses and personnel supplied under the AbilityOne program provide janitorial services for the installation.Although janitorial services aren’t very complex, they’re essential to maintain the installation’s exemplary appearance and comply with local, state, and federal laws. Janitorial services my see m like an insignificant commodity, but the personnel at the installation support a variety of critical missions and DoD functions, and the quality of the janitorial services provided affect their working environment and their ability to do their jobs. Current Contract InformationThe AbilityOne program is a Federal initiative to help people who are blind or have other significant disabilities find employment by working within a national network of over 600 Nonprofit Agencies that sell products and services to the U. S. government. The program is administered by the Committee for Purchase from People Who Are Blind or Severely Disabled. AbilityOne offers numerous products for immediate purchase through a catalog, some items on the Federal Supply Schedule, and thousands of services nationwide.The National Industries for the Blind (NIB) and NISH-Creating Employment Opportunities for People with Significant Disabilities support AbilityOne, and contracting officers wishing to work with Abi lityOne can provide a Statement of Work (SOW) to NIB or NISH for a price proposal. In addition to the AbilityOne program, the Installation awarded a contract nearly five years ago for custodial services. Contract:| Installation Custodial Services (ICS)| Contractors:| Apex Maintenance, Inc. local veteran owned small business)| | Thompson Windows & Floors (local small business)| | A1C Professionals (local small business)| NAICS Code:| 561720  | Total Value:| $2,939,500| Type:| Firm Fixed Price (Multiple Award)| Period of Performance:| Five year base with five option years| Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation| FY 20X8| FY 20X9| FY 20X0| FY 20X1| FY 20X2| Total| O&M| $565,000| $589,000| $592,000| $592,500| $601,000| $2. 939,500| Service RequirementsUnder this contract—which was competed as a small business set aside—Apex, Thompson, and A1C provide standard custodial services (interior building cleaning, restroom cleaning and deodorizing, window cleaning, carpet cleaning, etc. ) for the installation. They’re nearing the end of a five-year base period of performance (four months remaining), and there are five option years remaining on the contract. Current Performance The combination of suppliers on the ICS contract and support from the AbilityOne program has met the installation’s custodial services requirements satisfactorily during the base period of performance.In both cases, the SOW specifies a performance threshold for each individual service of no more than five validated customer complaints per month. The number of validated customer complaints per month has only exceeded the threshold 3 times in over 50 months on the ICS contract, and has never exceeded the threshold for the AbilityOne program. There are no significant performance issues outstanding with any of the service providers. There are two buildings being renovated and one under construction that will need to be factored int o the next contract.Currently, the Installation furnishes 1800-square feet of office space (three offices) to serve as administrative offices for the ICS contractors, as well as supply closets distributed throughout the installation’s facilities at the facility managers’ discretion. Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements We currently project no significant changes to the installations custodial requirements. Since these are commercial services, the risk of competing them seems low, with the biggest concern being avoiding gaps in service during the transition.It’s unknown whether Apex, Thompson, and A1C would be willing to team with a new prime contractor. There is some political pressure to support local small businesses in the current economic climate, and we do have to consider the possibility of protests from offerors who don’t win the award. We also have to consider the recent emphasis on unbundling contracts to promote small business growth a nd participation in local markets. We will need to conduct an analysis to determine the impact that bundling these services together will have on local small businesses.GROUNDS KEEPING/LANDSCAPING SERVICES Local small businesses also provide all the grounds keeping and landscaping services the installation requires. Much like janitorial services, grounds keeping and landscaping seem trivial or simple, but the quality and appearance of the landscaping and grounds can directly affect installation personnel and shape visitors’ lasting impressions of the installation. In other words, we take it for granted until it impacts us. The contractor will be expected to promote and maintain the appearance of all exterior areas of the installation.Current Contract Information Two contracts currently provide this service for the installation. The first, seven months into its first option year, was awarded to Ted’s Tree Service, a Service-disabled Veteran Owned Small Business. Contrac t:| Tree Trimming| Contractor:| Ted’s Tree Service, Inc. | Number of Employees:| 15| NAICS Codes| 561730  | Total Value:| $360,000| Type:| FFP| Period of Performance:| 3 years (1-year base with 2 option years)| Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation| FY 20X1| FY 20X2| Total|O&M| $125,000| $117,000| $242,000| The second, five months into its first option year, is a multiple-award contract for all other lawn services. Contract:| Grounds Keeping and Landscaping| Contractors:| LocalGreen (small business)| | YLC, Inc. (small disadvantaged business)| NAICS Code:| 561730  | Total Value:| $1,256,000| Type:| Firm Fixed Price (Multiple Award)| Period of Performance:| 2 years (1-year base with 1 option year)| Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation| FY 20X1| FY 20X2| Total| $623,000| $633,000| $1,256,000| Service Requirements Under these contracts, Ted’s provides year-round tree trimming, pru ning, removal, and maintenance and arborist consulting services, and LocalGreen and YLC provide all grounds keeping and landscaping services (lawn care, planting, walkways, patios, fertilizing, etc. ) except snow removal. Current Performance Both contracts are being executed satisfactorily, and all performance thresholds have been met so far in both cases. Both contracts are in the middle of their first option years.Ted’s performance thresholds for tree trimming specify response times and maximum number of customer complaints. YLC and LocalGreen are also beholden to response time and customer complaint thresholds. None of the three has had a customer complaint in the last twelve months. Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements As you know, we have many new residents moving onto the installation due to the BRAC initiative. This will generally impact any contract or service area on base, but especially those that pertain directly to facilities maintenance or maintenance t o the traffic areas.As with janitorial/custodial services, we currently project no significant changes to the installations grounds keeping requirements. With janitorial/custodial services, it’s unknown whether YLC, LocalGreen, and Ted’s would be willing to team with a new prime contractor. We will have to include this service area in our analysis on the impact to local small businesses of bundling these services in the next contract. PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT AND SUPPORT SERVICES A large business, Jankell Corporation, currently provide our personnel management and support.While our stakeholders are satisfied with Jankell’s performance in this service area, personnel management and support services fit within the IOSS construct and could easily be combined with the other services in an omnibus contract. Current Contract Information The Joint Base Powell’s existing contract with Jankell Corporation is due to expire in May 20X1, several months prior to the expec ted award date for the new IOSS omnibus contract. Service Requirements Jankell Corp. provides the following types of Personnel Management and Support Services: Human resources staff management * Personnel records maintenance and systems management * Establishing position descriptions and job qualifications * Customer service * Education and training * Counseling services * Awards programs While overall the stakeholder’s are satisfied, there have been some complaints. For example, complaints include the difficulty involved in getting approval to change, update, or add position descriptions. Stakeholder Comments on Projected RequirementsWhile the other services being discussed are critical for the Joint Base Powell and its operations, Personnel Management and Support services typically impact the morale and of the workforce more so than the other services and, as such, they need to be carefully considered in terms of who is selected to perform these critical duties. Efficiency and cost savings should not replace value when deciding on a contractor to provide these services. SECURITY PROTECTION SERVICES We have been meeting our security/protection services requirements through a large business, AlliedPro, Inc.While AlliedPro has been successfully performing typical commercial security protection services, we would like to streamline this approach, centralizing all Joint Base Powell security protection service requirements under the new IOSS contract. Current Contract Information Three years ago we awarded a contract for security/protection services to AlliedPro, Inc. , a large security and consulting services provider with offices in the area. Contract:| Security/Protection| Contractor:| AlliedPro, Inc. | Number of Employees:| 9250| NAICS Codes:| 561612  | Total Value:| $15. 2M| Type:| FFP|Period of Performance:| 5 years (1-year base with 4 option years)| Below is a high-level breakdown of the cost of this contract by FY. Appropriation| FY 20X9| FY 20X0| FY 20X1| FY 20X2| FY 20X3| Total| O&M| $2. 9M| $3. 0M| $3. 0M| $3. 1M| $3. 2M| $15. 2M| AlliedPro provides 45 full-time security personnel for the base; the Government provides an additional 20. There are two months remaining in the second option year. Service Requirements AlliedPro security personnel (45 full-time employees) provide the following types of security protection services under this contract: * Conduct routine patrols and manage dispatch Protect property and facilities * Control access to the base * Maintain/administer cyber security systems * Conduct background checks and process security clearance applications * Issue visitor and base personnel identification cards Government security personnel (20 full-time employees) provide the following types of security protection services: * Threat response * Protection for national security operations * Protection for vital equipment * Protection for sensitive and classified information The estimated cost of the work performed by the uniformed personnel is approximately $1. 0M annually. Current PerformanceAmong other performance requirements, AlliedPro is expected to: * Respond to 100% of incidents within the threshold time specified * Conduct 100% of routine patrols on schedule * Process 95% of background checks and security clearance applications within the threshold time specified * Maintain required training certifications and verify minimum qualifications for 100% of personnel on the contract * Ensure the rate of physical security incidents is below the threshold during at least 95% of the monitoring periods * Ensure the rate of cyber security incidents is below the threshold during at least 98% of the monitoring periodsCurrently, we are not satisfied with AlliedPro’s personnel management. In the last twelve months there have been some issues with personal appearance, physical fitness, timeliness, and some customer complaints. AlliedPro manages a large and diverse workforce and works with man y large clients and government agencies. Sometimes we feel these issues aren’t getting the attention they should be, and that AlliedPro’s internal hiring standards are not as rigorous as they appear on paper.Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements Our business case analysis shows that transferring the current military support of some base security services will be cost effective, but we want to ensure that consolidation does not impact service quality in this critical service area. We’re concerned with consolidating all our security/protection services under one prime, given our current situation with AlliedPro.We’re also concerned with the new contractor’s learning curve during the transition period, as they take over protection of vital assets and classified information from military personnel. Another thing to consider: we try to maintain a threshold number of security personnel per capita on base, the population of which increase measura bly due to BRAC over the next few years. FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SERVICES Currently financial management services are handled by Largo, Inc. , a large business.While there is no reason to indicate that Largo is not successfully performing and that the costs are unreasonable, our business case highlights that rolling these services into the future IOSS omnibus contract will inevitably yield cost savings and related process efficiencies. Current Contract Information The Joint Base Powell contract with Largo for financial management services is in its third of four possible option years, which fortunately align with the fiscal year (the same as the targeted award date for the future IOSS contract).Estimated Annual Cost/Savings While specific savings for this specific service area have not been forecasted, market research reveals that combining these requirements with the IOSS contract will yield manpower savings, OH reductions, and a more affordable profit rate, all of which have the pote ntial of saving the command significant money and personnel oversight in this tightly constrained budgetary environment. Service Requirements Financial management services currently include: Funds control * Resource allocation * Budget execution * Funds status reports * Cost performance analysis * Funds reconciliation * Labor/payroll support * Review and reconciliation of reimbursable customer accounts Current Performance Largo, Inc. currently offers the following services and performance targets/levels: * Process payroll on time 100% of the pay periods * Process payroll with 98% accuracy during all pay periods * Process all financial transactions with 98% accuracy Conduct 95% of all required audits on schedule * Submit 100% of budgets on time * Ensure compliance with generally accepted accounting principles Stakeholder Comments on Projected Requirements While never popular to displace a contractor that is performing well (unless Largo competes and wins the IOSS contract), the proje cted cost savings and process efficiencies that the pending IOSS contract offers justifies the transition costs and change management that will inevitably be required to implement this new approach.

Population Control and Earths Sustainability Research Paper

Population Control and Earths Sustainability - Research Paper Example No matter the increase in population, the earth cannot exceed its ‘carrying capacity’. Proponents of population control argue that if the current trend of increase in world’s population continues without any action taken to control, it will lead to overpopulation that would exceed the earth’s capacity (Navarro 1). However, the big question raised here is what is the carrying earth’s capacity and is it possible to measure this capacity? This is because one needs to know the exact carrying capacity of the earth for them to say that it would be exceeded with the bulging human population. The truth is there is no conclusive evidence showing the carrying capacity of the earth and indicating that if the world’s population exceeds a certain level, the earth will not be able to sustain it. In fact, the earth can comfortably sustain the human population as it still has enough resources to achieve this. However, to achieve this requires proper maintenan ce of these resources to avoid wastage. In addition, the earth still has vast land and resources to cater for the population. For example, Tanzania in East Africa has a population of about California and Virginia’s population combined, but with a land larger than Virginia, Arizona, Michigan, and California combined (Navarro 2). This is just an example of several countries with vast land enough to sustain their populations, and the populations beyond. Increase in population does not automatically lead to a reduction in earth’s resources for the population causing famine and starvation.

Amusing Ourselves to Death and You Just Dont Understand Essay

Amusing Ourselves to Death and You Just Dont Understand - Essay Example Part one deals with how the American media developed through the ages, with an emphasis on the printed word at first, and then the arrival of the telegraph and radio. These topics are discussed first, in a chronological order, to create a context and fill in the background. Part two looks at modern media, with an emphasis on show business, film and especially television. The structure offers two main arguments: how things have developed first of all, and then what this means for the modern world. Deborah Tannen’s You Just Don’t Understand is not arranged chronologically, but rather takes a range of different topics on the subject of men’s language and women’s language and deals with them one by one. It starts very generally, with a description of how women and men are socialized in separate spaces, and develop different techniques. The key phrase â€Å"Asymmetry† is introduced (chapter 2) and defined as the gap between the sexes. In the middle chapters more specific topics such as interruptions, and gossip are discussed, and then last chapter (chapter 10) revisits the idea of asymmetry and the author describes what to do about this mis-match, namely to open up lines of communication that both men and women can understand. An afterword written ten years after the first publication reports how successful the book was, and answers some questions which readers and critics have raised. The thematic structure suggests that the subject is being tr eated as a collection of observations rather than a single line of argument. It allows the author to range freely over many details. Question 2 Postman relies on the earlier ideas of media and culture scholar Marshall McLuhan and notes that â€Å"the clearest way to see through a culture is to attend to its tools for conversation.† (Postman: 1985, p. 8) From this basic observation he moves to a close examination of American discourse, looking at cultural phenomena like Las Vegas, with its focus on high risk and materialism, and the medium of television which offers unintelligent and repetitive material to keep citizens quietly consuming its hidden messages. A key issue for Postman is that dictatorship need not be obvious and violent, like a fascist regime which dominates people’s lives with physical deprivation and misery. A dictatorship can be subtle and deceptive, and television is just such a force. It is not just the message that the media offer, nor even just the medium of presentation that is important, but also the far reaching implications of both of these things together as they impact upon passive viewers. The argument is very convincing because it sums up the commercialization and â€Å"dumbing down† of television in the 1980s and 1990s and points out a number of dangers which most people have not been aware of. Deborah Tannen’s book makes many statements about the different ways that men and women use language, and explains that this is often at the root of difficulties which couples have in their relationship. Her argument is based on the discipline of linguistics, and she uses linguistic terminology in quite a technical way, explaining how these features work, and what they imply about male and female gender behaviors. A big feature of the book is its insistence that male and female styles are both equally valid: â€Å"Throughout this book, and throughout my work, I take a no-fault approach† (Tannen, 2001, p. 30 1) This is a laudable aim, but unfortunately the book does not always stick to it, and there is more than a touch of pro-feminist argumentation, for example in chapter on â€Å"dominance and control,† which refers to other research but without clear indication of sources. There is a lot

Target and Pinterest Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Target and Pinterest - Assignment Example It is a good marketing tool that essentially increases a business’s customers and sales. Target is going to use 3 key influencers of Pinterest to market their products. Limited edition collections of party items will be sold in stores and online. The selected Pinterest stars are top fashion bloggers and influential people in design. Blogger Joy Cho of Oh Joy who has 13.6 million bloggers began his partnership with Target on March by starting her party collection while Jan Halvarson of Poppytalk who has 8.3 million followers will launch her Target collections in June (Entis 2014). Kate Arends of Wit and Delight will do the same in September. My impression with this move by target to collaborate with top Pinterest bloggers is that it is a good marketing strategy for the company. Social media has become an essential platform for businesses to attract customers across the world. With the increasing number of social media users, businesses are able to meet a lot of potential customers online. Therefore, using Pinterest to generate sales is a good strategy for Target. Pinterest’s move to use influential people will work in generating revenue because influential people have the most following on social media; hence the company is able to access many potential customers (Weissman 2014). The followers of blogger Cho alone are 13.6 million. Therefore, during her time as a seller for Target, she generates a lot of sales from the millions of customers from her followers. The same case is similar from the other collaborators. Another aspect that makes the collaboration of Target and Pinterest’s influential bloggers is the popularity of Pinterest as a destination for entertaining inspiration (Entis 2014). Therefore, by collaborating with top tastemakers in fashion, Target will attract more customers for its party collections. The brand image of Target is good because the business is collaborating with

Justification of Political Authority Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7500 words

Justification of Political Authority - Essay Example However, some thinkers do not perceive the attitude of subjects toward such authority as the decisive factor. Thus, Thomas Hobbes and John Austin argue that political authority in the de facto sense simply amounts to the capacity of an individual or community to maintain public order as well as secure the obedience of most people by issuing commands backed by sanctions. Consequently, the legitimacy of authority as perceived by subjects is not important and any entity that is de facto performs the function of authority is always justified (Hobbes 1668). Another essential aspect of the authority debate is its distinction from political power. In politics it is a common practice to use the terms power and authority interchangeably though the meaning of these terms is different. The difference lies mainly in the fact that 'authority' involves a claim of justification and legitimate right to exercise power over the subjects while 'power' implies a mere ability to achieve certain goals and does not necessarily involve a claim of justification and/or legitimacy (Arendt, 1968). Thus, political power relates to the state's ability to get citizens to act in a certain manner even despite their reluctance. Furthermore, political power does not require a positive attitude from the subjects and does not depend on its actual success at securing public order. Threats and offers are the key elements of political power: "Evidently, for the state to have de facto authority or legitimate authority requires that the state have the power to compel those subjects who do not wish to go along. This is necessary for the state's ability to maintain public order and to assure those who do see it as an authority that it will be able to do what it is supposed to do" (Zalta, 2004). Therefore, the term 'authority' in the meaning of political authority is more applicable for the purposes of this paper. There are a number of different discourses on the nature, legitimacy and justification of political authority. Normally, three fundamental types of conceptions about legitimacy of political authority: political authority as justified coercion, political authority as the capacity to impose duties, and political authority as the right to rule (Zalta, 2004). The first conception relies on the moral aspect in justifying a political authority which coerces the subjects. The essence of this conception is that a political authority might have the justifiable moral right to coerce its subjects. For example, a group of people may be morally justified in engaging in just a few actions of coercing others. Or a group may be morally justified in engaging in coercion more generally as in the case of a morally justified military occupation. This notion of authority does not necessarily involve duties on the part of the coerced people: on the contrary, avoiding or escaping coercion may be justified. One example of such situation could the situation of a military occupation of a state justified under the pretext of using such occupation as a tool to prevent a third power from engaging in morally unjustified aggression. Although this conception relies on moral justification of coercion used by political authority, the authority in this case is not able to either issue commands or make laws: it is justified on

Poverty in relation to Child Welfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Poverty in relation to Child Welfare - Essay Example ldren provided clear resolutions to provide public assistance through financial aid for various individuals and families requiring the support in identified needs. The impetus of federal and state legislators to design social welfare programs stem from the factors contributing to poverty in the United States. Poverty has always been considered a social dilemma afflicting people from diverse backgrounds. It has always been an intriguing and challenging concern due to the multitude of factors that interplay and contribute to its existence. People could be misguided that poverty does not exist in a progressively developed country such as the United States. However, this social stigma pervades people from the lowest income levels despite the economic condition of the country they reside. In this regard, in view of the contention that â€Å"poverty is one of the major risk factors of child abuse and neglect†, the essay aims to provide a brief summary of the history of social welfare programs developed to address the issue of poverty. Likewise, the discourse would seek to identify, from among the proffered programs, the most effective one in alleviating poverty and improving children’s welfare. Poverty is generally defined as â€Å"the state of living in a family with income below the federally defined poverty line† (About.com: Economics, 2010, par. 1). The U.S. Census Bureau (2010) defines poverty, to wit: â€Å"Following the Office of Management and Budgets (OMB) Statistical Policy Directive 14, the Census Bureau uses a set of money income thresholds that vary by family size and composition to determine who is in poverty.   If a family’s total income is less than the family’s threshold, then that family and every individual in it is considered in poverty.   The official poverty thresholds do not vary geographically, but they are updated for inflation using Consumer Price Index (CPI-U).   The official poverty definition uses money income before taxes and does not

International Business Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business Finance - Essay Example However, expanding overseas is a major decision for the firm and it involves many risks dependent upon the country in which the firm decides to enter. Thus care and diligence is required in planning and implementing overseas expansion, in order to obtain positive results and growth for the firm. Overseas Expansions Every firm needs growth to fulfil its going concern requirement. Growth for the firm may be within the country of operations i.e. source country or on an international level. The increase in competition and technological advancements compel the firms to enter into new markets within the country and overseas. â€Å"Firms may expect to increase their profits through overseas operations.† (Habbard and O’Brien 2006) Thus firms engage in overseas operations for better results and diversity. There are many methods for overseas expansion depending upon the requirement and feasibility of the organization wanting to expand overseas. The basic method for international expansion is exporting. This is a low cost and low risk way to enter into the global market by selling your products in overseas domestic markets. The exporters get rebates by the government in order to promote the export and increase the foreign exchange reserve for their country. Another approach for expansion is the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). â€Å"Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the process whereby residents of one country (source country) acquire ownership of assets for the purpose of controlling the production, distribution, and other activities of a firm in another country (host country)† (Moosa 2002) This method is more expensive as compared to the previous one and requires more investment in terms of cash, machinery, personnel etc. There are different ways for this method to work, i.e. wholly owned subsidiary which is completely owned by the parent company, joint ventures that are partnerships between two business and strategic alliances that are arrangement s between businesses. Whatever way the firm decides to expand abroad depends upon its priorities. Other method of overseas expansion may involve relocation of production. In this method the firms shifts its production facilities to a country that provides cheaper labour, less trade barriers etc. This shifting reduces the product costs thus making it more competitive in the market. Management contracts are also used by the firms to provide managerial expertise to other businesses. Firms also use licensing and franchising as methods of overseas expansion. Thus overseas expansion is a decision that requires proactive thinking and careful selection of methods and deployment of the appropriate resources in order for it to be successful. Risks Involved in Overseas Expansion The overseas expansion brings with it different types of risks. The firms must assess these risks wisely in order for the expansion to be beneficial. These risks can be categorised as pure risks and speculative risks. â€Å"Pure risks are associated with hazards such as health, safety, environment and security, whereas speculative risks are associated with business, finance, human resources, information technology strategy and politics.† (Adams 2006) The risks of overseas expansion depend upon the country in which the country is expanding. When a firm goes overseas it may encounter fraud, corruption, and other means of terrorism.

Beethoven Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Beethoven - Research Paper Example Whereas he remains one of the most well recognized and famous classical composers, scholars still debate what the ultimate cause of Beethoven’s hearing loss might have been. Beethoven himself described its onset as a troublesome ringing in his ears. Medical professionals at that time as well as today believe that the condition could have been brought on by an acute illness that he suffered during early adulthood. Whatever the cause, Beethoven began to experience a noticeable level of hearing loss by the age of 26. Scholars are aware of this due to the fact that it was at this age that Beethoven first mentioned that the hearing loss was troubling him in his correspondence to friends and family. As one might expect, for someone as passionate about music as was Beethoven, such a loss was tantamount to complete and total defeat and desolation. Within his own correspondence it was noted that he even experienced suicidal thoughts at times due to the fact that the hearing loss was af fecting his ability to maintain a positive and optimistic attitude. As such, bouts of severe depression ensued by which Beethoven contemplated ending his life. However, the hearing loss was gradual and Beethoven was not aware at any one particular point during the hearing loss process that he would ultimately be entirely and completely deaf.... lthough a definitive date does not exist by which Beethoven completely and entirely could be considered deaf, it is widely reported that the first time he experienced complete and total deafness was at the premier of the 9th symphony; arguably his magnum opus. At this time, Beethoven reportedly went out on the stage at the conclusion of the symphony and was greeted by rapturous applause. However, due to the fact that he could not hear this, he felt initially that his work was a commercial and professional failure and began to cry heavily.1 Even this debacle and embarrassment was not enough to discourage Beethoven from performing publically. Several public performances with Beethoven as a featured musician took place following the debacle of the 9th Symphony. However, during the performance of the Piano Concerto No. 5, Beethoven was forced to allow his student Carl Czerny to perform as he could no longer hear the music or the beat and keep time with the other musicians. Though it is t rue that Beethoven was not completely and entirely deaf at this stage, he was unable to hear certain pitches of music and could only hear the very lowest bass notes. Recent scholarship into Beethoven’s music after the year 1814 notes the fact that his loss of hearing helped to alter the music after this period of time as compared to the music composed before it. What is meant by this is that the music prior to 1814 included something of an equal composition of both high pitches and low pitches within the score. Although it is true that there remain a profound number of high pitches within Beethoven’s music post 1814 (or after the time in which acute hearing loss profoundly impacted upon the way in which he composed music), it can be readily noted that as a direct result of his hearing

Abundant Living Essay Example for Free

Abundant Living Essay Abundant Living is an Adult Family Home located in Stanwood Washington. It â€Å"offers assisted living services for seniors who need help with daily living activities such as bathing, dressing, mobility, and medication assistance. † Their staff are â€Å" specially trained to care for residents with Alzheimers and other forms of dementia† (Abundant Living Adult Family Home Care Corporation, 2013). It currently has only one house supporting six full time residents and has a meager online presence consisting of only a website. The owners have recently bought another house with the goal of creating an additional adult family home and will soon be in need of six residents and at least four employees. Their current marketing strategies consist mainly of word of mouth and printed ads in local newspapers. This business could greatly bene? t from growing its online presence especially during this vulnerable time of expansion. There are currently over 73,000 residents in Snohomish County over the age of 65 (United States Census Bureau, 2013). Online marketing would make it much easier and more economical to reach a growing customer base whose online focus and technological prowess continues to increase. The real customer is not the elderly person themselves. It is usually their children, often in their ? fties and sixties, who are in need of a safe environment for their parents or loved ones to live where they can be assured that a high level of personal care and medical attention will be available. The idea of expanding online would be to market the business to a larger number of target customers than current marketing techniques are able to. An expanding customer base would allow the business to choose it’s residents based on level of care needed, matching personality characteristics with current residents, and those who can afford private pay instead of State pay. State pay residents often pay thousands of dollars less a month than those who can afford private pay; $4000-$1900 (M. Raymond, 2013). This combination of factors is important in choosing a resident as it maximizes the income that can be generated from the twelve rooms that are available to residents. The pgraded website would allow potential customers to see where they or their parents would be living, who they would be living with, and who would be taking care of them. It would increase awareness of the business’s new house and reach a much larger target audience. The website would be an online welcome mat for customers and advertise the business strengths such as a higher level of personal care, lower employee to resident ratios, increased ind ependence, and a more stable atmosphere for residents with Alzheimer’s or dementia. Also, a tab could be created on the website that would be a place for prospective employees to look for openings and determine if they would be a good ? t. Additionally, linking such social media sites as Facebook, Instagram, Google Plus, and Twitter it would better allow residents and their children or friends to keep in touch through photos and descriptions of recent resident special activities, events, business news, and daily occurrences. By creating social media pro? les for the business and linking it to the business website it would also greatly increase word of mouth advertising potential. Customers would be encouraged to like or follow the business on a variety of social media outlets allowing their friends to be exposed to the business and create free online word of mouth marketing. Increasing the online presence of the business would also has the possibility to increase the number of applicants for new employee positions. Abundant living’s direct competitors include Josephine Sunset Home in Stanwood and A Holistic Adult Family Home, LLC in Marysville. Josephine is a combination Nursing Home facility and Assisted Living. It is a much larger facility with a larger staff and a greater number of residents. Its major advantage is its availability to customers. With a larger facility and attainment by the state of Washington of a Skilled Nursing License Josephine is able to accept and care for a larger number of residents who also might require more intensive medical care. Its website is much more comprehensive, easier to use, and is more informative than Abundant Living’s. It also has a tab for employees. Josephine does have some key weaknesses though. The Skilled Nursing area is quite a bit more expensive than both Abundant Living and A Holistic Adult Family Home. Their rates vary from $237 a day to $263 a day. (J. Aungst, 2013). These rates are nearly double that of Abundant living. Also the level of care residents experience is not of the same quality of an Adult Family Home. Employees of Josephine have many more residents to care for than employees of Adult Family Homes that are limited to only six per house. In fact, at times Josephine employees may be responsible for as many as 20 residents. (W. Flaherty, 2013). This larger ratio of residents to employees leads to a less personal interaction with residents and a lower overall quality of life. A Holistic Adult Family Home is more similar in comparison to Abundant Living in that it is an Adult Family home with a Custodial Care license that is legally limited to six residents per house. Rates are similar to Abundant Living but still higher; $5100 a month versus $4000 a month. (E. Moody, 2013). Holistic already has two houses up and running doubling the capacity of Abundant Living. With all of these things in mind the marketing strategies that Abundant living should use are people, price, and product. Abundant Living’s ? e employees are one of its most valuable resources and can be extremely helpful in the marketing effort. They should be encouraged to spread awareness about the new house that will be opening soon and that every interaction should be treated as an interaction with a potential customer. Employees should be encouraged to embrace the business’s brand values of compassion, empathy, and professionalism. These employees could also be potential custome rs as they have parents of their own who are only getting older. Steps should be taken to increase employee morale as having happy and satis? ed employees increases the likelihood of having happy and satis? ed customers. Abundant Living’s main advantage over the competition is that they offer a level of care for their residents that is equal to or better than the competition for substantially less cost. With a waiting list of 25 customers in line for an availability the business should employ the market skimming strategy. The business should charge slightly higher price than they are now, around $4500 a month, for the ? rst residents to ? l the new house to recoup the costs of expansion and then reassess once those costs have been recouped. This will increase the return on investment while still maintaining competitive rates. The ? nal marketing strategy that could be used focuses on the actual product. Online marketing should concentrate on Abundant Living’s high level of care, low employee to resident ratio, and their success at the current house. Marketing efforts should focus on the augmented product of increased independence, a proven track record, and the creation of a stable environment for those with Alzheimer’s and ementia, helping to set the business apart from the competition This marketing can be accomplished by posting positive consumer reviews on the business website as well as comparing the business’s strengths to the competition’s weaknesses. By expanding online marketing techniques, focusing on the business’s product, price, and people, and setting itself apart from the competition Abundant Living will be poised to experience a very successful expansion and increase in market share.

French and Indian War Brief Essay Example for Free

French and Indian War Brief Essay Major Players in the French and Indian War The French and Indian War was primarily England and the American colonies against the French and various Native American tribes in America. As France expanded its colonies along the Ohio River, and Britain ventured further into the mountains and discovered them, it was inevitable that there would be competition, tension and eventually war between the two colonies. This war has come to be known as the French and Indian war, but it has various other names such as ‘The Seven Year War’ or ‘The War of British Conquest’. The war escalated into a world war in 1760 when France and Britain declared war on each other. It was sparked in America, not Europe, but Great Britain spent a lot of money in helping to fight the war and support to their colonies in America and the colonies participated fully in the war. Main reasons for the French and Indian War Britain and France had long been in a competition for territory in North America. The rich land west and north-west of the Appalachians was in top demand, for it was filled with waterways, fisheries, abundant game and beaver runs. Tensions grew until France and Britain finally declared war on each other for the region in 1756. In the first year, the British were defeated numerous times by the French and their allies, the Native Americans. This is when British Prime Minister William Pitt lent a hand to help out with the war, and funded an expanded war effort which involved shipping 10,000 soldiers overseas. He could see that there was potential of imperial expansion if France were defeated and borrowed substantial amounts of money to contribute. From then on, France’s attempts started to fail. By 1760 they were expelled from Canada, and their all allies in Europe were defeated or made separate peace with Prussia. The War comes to an end The French and Indian War was a great British victory. It ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris and also the Treaty of Hubertsburg in February 1763. In the Treaty of Paris, France lost east-Canada and gave Louisiana to Spain. Britain received Spanish Florida, Upper Canada and other French holdings overseas. The British were very pleased with the treaty, as they no longer had to worry about French attacks as much as they previously did. Also, the extra land meant more room for discovery and settlement, although there were still natives all through the land. Contribution the beginning of the American Revolution Fifteen years after the war, the bitterness the French felt after the loss of their colonial empire influenced their input in the American Revolution.

Isobel Dixon And Mervyn Morris

Isobel Dixon And Mervyn Morris Little Boy Crying by Mervyn Morris and Plenty by Isobel Dixon both explore the vivid childhood memories and experiences of the poets. In Little Boy Crying, a father deals with the troubles of raising a and disciplining a child; whereas in Plenty, Dixon describes her youth when she and her sisters could not afford the things they so greedily stole behind their mothers back; finally comparing it to her prosperous present. I will explore how the poets use imagery and language, voice and tone, and structure and form to create effects and convey their experiences. Little Boy Crying is based on a fathers true story revealing the how he once treated his son. It depicts the themes of sadness, remorse, and love. Morris describes his battle with fighting the regret he feels for slapping his son because he loves him so much, longs to lift you, curb your sadness. This is perhaps to depict the contrast between the two emotions and the danger of what happens when they collide. At first, the reader empathizes with the boy, however, as the poem progresses and the fathers situation is understood, the reader begins to empathize for him as well. Plenty, is based on Dixons chaotic youth with her sisters. It explores the themes of chaos, restriction, and realization. Dixon writes about her memories of the past, often referring to her mothers anger over the chaos she and her sisters create by ignoring the mothers restrictions, her lipsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ anchored downà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ not knowing then it was a clasp to keep us all from chaos. This shows that as you get older, you realize the importance of order and begin appreciating your parents hard labor. Mervyn Morris use of powerful language helps the reader relate to the situation described. The title, Little Boy Crying, already provokes a sad image of what is forthcoming in the poem, creating an instantaneous dramatic effect on the reader. In the first stanza, Morris expresses the changes which his son undertook since the slap, mouth contorting, laughter metamorphosed, and frame so recently relaxed now tight. The word metamorphosed, exemplifies the rapidity of the change of the boys facial expression, creating a more powerful image of the emotions the boy is feeling. These changes quickly introduce the reader to the circumstances. Powerful imagery of water is seen in the phrase swimming tears, splashing your bare feet, where sibilance and personification of the tears have been used to invoke a more dramatic sense of the boys misery. The phrase quick slap stuck, creates a more sped up and violent interpretation of the happenings; and the use of onomatopoeia in slap, creates a more graphic scene. Overall in the first stanza of Little Boy Crying, many sad and angry words are used to create a depressed mood: Howls, frameà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ tight, frustration, swimming tears, and guilt or sorrow. Such powerful phrases are used to invoke a more immediate effect of grief and a relation to the situation by the reader. The reader becomes more compassionate and understanding of the characters. In the second stanza the father imagines himself in the sons position, alluding to the fairytale Jack and the Bean stalk, evoking powerful imagery of hatred as well, The ogre, grim giant, colossal cruel, Chopped clean the tree [the fathers] scrambling down. The use of alliteration of g in grim giant and c in colossal cruel, places emphasis on the phrases to describe the pure hatred the father thinks the boy must feel against him, signifying that he knows he is being mean and understands his decisions were harsh. The reference to a well-known fairytale increases the readers ability to relate to the situation and creates a more vivid scenario. In the third stanza, the line You cannot understand, not yet demonstrates that the child does not acknowledge the fact that his father is teaching him a lesson. The father seems very guilt struck and at fault that he had to take such measures to teach a lesson, The hurt your easy tears can scald him with. The boy does not realize the pain his display of sadness causes his father, who obviously takes no pleasure in making his son cry. The father seems to regret his actions however stays firm to teach the lesson, Longs to lift you, curb your sadness. The alliteration of l emphasizes the longing however the father stays strong to ensure his son is raised with the correct values. The last stanza implies the little boy has been playing in the rain, you must not make a plaything of the rain. This line has several meanings such as the immorality of trying to get sympathy by crying. On another level, it could be the father instructing himself to take his lessons more seriously and his need stay firm to show discipline. Isobel Dixon also uses powerful imagery and language to convey her messages. The title itself contrasts with nearly the entirety of the poem as poverty has placed them far away from Plenty. Isobel Dixon creates an intense mood using vivid description early on in the poem. In the first stanza the reader is introduced to Dixons memory of an enamel tub, age-stained and pocked upon its griffin claws, never full. Such an image conveys the impression that that the family cannot afford proper equipment such as a bathtub and is unable to fill it with water as it is too costly and in short supply. Water is recognized as a representation of their deprivation from basic necessities in the ongoing expanse of drought where dams leaked dry and windmills stalled. The alliteration of d in the phrase drought where dams leaked dry, enhances the effectiveness of the image created by making them more prominent in the description. The stalled windmills are subsequently compared with the mothers smile, Like mommys smile. This infers that her smile has stalled. Dixon uses metaphors to describe her mothers frown, a clasp to keep us all from chaos. The metaphor is used to create a more vivid image of the mothers efforts to keep the family together. Additionally, the onomatopoeia of the word clasp creates a more powerful picture. Many cases of sibilance are found in the phrase she saw it always, snapping locks and straps, the spilling: sums and worries, shopping listsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The ongoing repetition of the consonant s creates an almost explosive ringing. The poet uses contradictory phrases to exaggerate their meaning in the oxymoron, each month was weeks too long. A month is always an exact number of weeks long; however Dixon implies that they never had enough money to cover an entire months worth of spending. In the penultimate stanza, when describing the present, Dixon uses enjambment in the line waters plentiful, to excess, almost, here./ This creates a slower progression in the poem and exemplifies how she is disregarding all her previous worries about taking another precious of water. Little Boy Crying, is written from the voice of the father; however it changes perspective several times. In the first stanza, the father is observing the reaction of his son. In the second stanza, the father attempts to view the situation from his sons point of view. In the third stanza a third-person view responds to the happenings, explaining the fathers feelings. In contrast, Plenty, is written entirely from Dixons point of view. She writes in a voice which seems apologetic because of all the disorder she now recognizes she caused, not knowing then, and we thought her mean. Later, she compares it to the present, where bubbles lap my chin. Even though she is grateful for the present luxury in her life, she misses her childhood, miss my scattered sisters. In Little Boy Crying, Morris uses long sentences with small amounts of punctuation to create tension and make the reader keep reading. The first stanza is composed of seven lines, however only one sentence. The stanza length is a little beyond average, and the last stanza ends abruptly as it consists only of one line. Ending a poem with one line creates force and stress to the line, making the reader consider it more. The use of enjambment establishes a greater emphasis on the word previous to it, such as howls, frustration, and tears. This is done to put pressure on specific words, empowering their meaning and adding importance to their effect. They become more noticeable than the rest of the words In Plenty, Dixon uses normal length sentences and stanzas, which contradicts the chaos depicted in the poem. She does not use very much enjambment, creating an ongoing flow of reading. Her use of punctuation varies greatly as in the fourth stanza; three full-stops are used. On the other hand, in the fifth and sixth stanzas, altogether only one full-stop is used. This creates tension when its needed and adds a story-like effect. Little Boy Crying, by Mervyn Morris and Plenty, by Isobel Dixon both delve into the moving childhood experiences they have. In Little Boy Crying, a father resists the urge to apologize to his son for disciplining him; whereas in Plenty, Dixon describes her chaotic youth with her sisters; finally comparing it to her present. Little Boy Crying explores the themes of sadness, discipline, and regret. Plenty, explores the themes of chaos, restriction, and realization. Both poems have their underlying messages such as in plenty, where patience helps us all deal with many of lifes everyday problems. In Little Boy Crying, one learns the difficulty of punishing a child even though it is for the greater good of them.

William Butler Yeats Poems :: poetry, william butler yeats

William Butler Yeats, born in 1865 and died in 1939. Yeats is one of the greatest poets that is well known in the twentieth century. Also a philosophical person, Yeats had developed his own philosophy which states, â€Å"Yeats developed a philosophy that united his interest in history, art, personality, and society. His basic insight was that, in all these fields, conflicting forces are at work. In history, for example, as one kind of civilization grows and eventually dies, an opposite kind of civilization is born to take its place. Similarly, human personalities can be defined as opposites: the creative or subjective person versus the active or objective person.† (Prentice Hall Literature [page 1144 Yeats’s Philosophy]). With this said, Yeats believed that if you believed there was such a thing called a â€Å"soul† you would not only live a life of concentric circles, but indeed there would be this thing we call an â€Å"afterlife†. Thus, explaining Yeat s’s Philosophy, meaning that we will be reborn depending on whether or not of you wanted to live life, or as he states it in Sailing to Byzantium, live the new life like a monument. Critic Richard Ellmann states, that Yeats’s poetry is based on the opposition between â€Å"the world of change† and a world of â€Å"changelessness†. Evidence of this is supported in Yeats poetry, When You Are Old, The Lake Isle of Innisfree, The Wild Swans at Coole, The Second Coming, and finally Sailing to Byzantium. All five of these poems represent change and stability in each poem; however, the change can vary among nature and civilization. In the first text, one of Yeats’s poem, When You Are Old, demonstrates a change in the physical appearance of civilization. An example is as follows, â€Å"When you are old and gray and full of sleep, and nodding by the fire, take down this book, and slowly read, and dream of the soft look your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;† (Prentice Hall Literature [page 1140 lines 1-4]). When You Are Old, by Yeats, describes how a man once young grew old and lost his beauty. As described in the text, one thing that changes is the physical appearance of a human beings face. Related to today’s society we begin to come up with â€Å"cures† to prevent aging, even though we basically drag around a decaying body waiting for our soul to set free, we find ways to prevent everything from sagging and bagging.

Teleportation Essay -- Science

Teleportation Imagine a world without traffic jams; where there would be no worries about travel schedules and above all no public appraisals from the boss for coming late to work! Time would finally be stricken off the banal list of worries. This impossible to hit pitch however, lies in a plane where platitude is not well taken. This plane is one where advanced physics and quantum mechanics form frightening webs of reason for everything that happens in that other world - where we live. At other times the alien-like scientists that inhabit these planes have abducted us to conduct all kinds of meaningless experiments on us. However, this time its different; they have, arguably, after a long gap given us, the outsiders, something to marvel at – teleportation. Teleportation is ‘Star Trek’ demystified. It is the phenomenon where a physical body disintegrates and then comes together at another preplanned position. That position, as we may already start to dream, could be a cubicle in an office, a classroom or perhaps even someone’s bedroom! Leaving the other two alone, the third one could become a problem of gigantic proportions. I mean, how would you like if a stranger appears in your bedroom when you are looking your worst, wearing that ghastly gown, and trying to entertain yourself by looking at that old wig that you wear to work everyday? If you could take some time off being embarrassed, you would probably notice that this person could also be trying to get away with that rare piece of china that you actually got from China! And going back to China doesn’t sound like a good idea does it? That however, is also an aspect of our little miracle from the ‘other’ world. All synthetic phenomena have various aspects that may only be understood by a better understanding of the phenomenon itself. Here as the research journals of I.B.M. tell us – teleportation is the name given by science fiction writers to the feat of making an object or person disintegrate in one place while a perfect replica appears somewhere else. Dr. Samuel L. Braunstein of University of New Mexico gives us something simpler – teleportation is some kind of ‘disembodied’ transport. The actual process of this transport is not easy to understand for a person from our world. And that is precisely why I must make a fool of myself trying to make you understand it. After all I get my support... ...ll not care to explain. I am not 21 yet and know nothing about drinking†¦ so beat it! This regulation must include provisions for making excuses of traffic when one wants to and also that no good looking blonde will ever be allowed to teleport. Apart from these we can trust the federal government to come up with the most irrelevant and archaic law they can. The laws would be made and the souls would be teleported and the debate will arise, but only after our little hypothesis comes true in our lifetimes. And even if it does, they would fax all the Hollywood stars, the Democrats and the billionaires before our turn comes. Not to mention how much it’d cost. In fact, let us spare a moment to calculate how much this whole human faxing will hurt the old glass jar. For this we must consider two important possibilities. One, that it will most certainly be patented. And two, whoever cares to patent this technology, which without any exaggeration can be described as the ‘goose that lays golden eggs’, would not sell it for peanuts. So there go the dreams. Even if teleportation happens tomorrow, you are not going! There is however a small ray of hope†¦ Jack had stolen the golden goose!

Comparing Novel and Film Version of Snow Falling on Cedars Essay

Comparing Novel and Film  Version of Snow Falling on Cedars It is no easy task to create a work - through writing or film - that has an impact on society. In writing, one must discuss and analyze a relevant topic that will have an impact on the readers. One must also present stunning sensory images through words in order to create a complete understanding for the reader. In filmmaking it is not much different, but there must be striking visual imagery in combination with a fitting musical score in order to give the viewer of the film the full experience. There must also be historical accuracy, both in writing and film. In either case, it can take years to create such a captivating piece of work. David Guterson's novel Snow Falling on Cedars and its cinematic counterpart of the same name combine all of the aspects of good writing and filmmaking to create an emotionally provocative and historically accurate masterpiece.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Snow Falling on Cedars was set on a fictional island called San Piedro, somewhere in the Puget Sound area. The island had a thick history of generations of prejudice disguised by immigrant strawberry farmer life. The island was home to descendents of German, Swedish, English, and Japanese ancestry. When the Second World War arose, the people immediately panicked and reacted poorly to the Japanese American citizens. The story follows the lives of these Japanese Americans through their painful internment by the American government for what they termed the 'good of the union.' The story is also centered on several other subplots, including a biracial romance between a young couple, as well as the death of a white island fisherman named Carl Heine, Jr., and the trial of the Japan... ...racy and leads the reader or viewer to develop an intense emotional involvement with the story line. Both the novel and the film are remarkably vivid with the use of imagery and theme. The snow falling upon the cedars, as the prevalent image in both versions, functions as a beautiful metaphor begging for interpretation. The themes about the complexities of the human heart and the random distribution of both good and bad fortune are reinforced throughout the entirety of each work. The original work of pure genius - the novel, of course - deserves the credit for the incredible story behind Snow Falling on Cedars, but it is clear that the film followed in its antecedent's path with ease. Works Cited Guterson, David. Snow Falling on Cedars. New York: Vintage Books, 1995. Snow Falling on Cedars. Screenplay by Ron Bass and Scott Hicks, Universal Pictures, 1999.

Written Rational of Negotiating with Learners

Written rational of negotiating with learners, understanding inclusive learning, how to integrate functional skills and how communication can be delivered to the learner Teaching is based on many different ideas which all come to gether to help create and deliver a session to a group of learners. It is important to understand how, communication, inclusive learning, functional skills and negotiating with learners can lead to effective learning.Planning teaching and sessions can enable all learners to have the same opportunities to learn equally and will help the teacher to achieve their learning objectives. Negotiating with learners Assessment should be used for teachers as well as learners Life long learning UK (2007) Assessment is a valuable tool for both Teachers and learners to assess how and whether learning has occurred, according to Scales (2008) The principle purpose of assessment is to help people to learn; it should not be about testing people to see at what point they will fail.It is a method of elevating learners to a higher level of learning Everett (2012) Initial assessment occurs at the beginning of the course or precourse to obtain information about the learner’s skills and knowlage to date. Formative assessment helps the teacher to see how learners are progressing before moving on to other topics. It includes the effectiveness of the teaching and learning-taking place. Summative assessment is carried out at the end of the module or the course to assess whether the learning objectives have been achieved this can be via an exam.Other Methods of assessment include the following, *Observation * Simulation * Project and assignment * Portfolio * Written questions (essays and short answers) * Verbal or oral questions * Professional * On going assessment * Questions and answers * Assignments * Debates and discussions Initial assessment should help agree goals between the learner and the teacher; it is god process to help ensure the learner feels supported and happy. Inclusive learningInclusive learning Is about recognising that each learner is if different and each learner will require different information or aids to help them learn, it is about understanding that no one learner should be excluded from any activities within any session. In terms of learning this is where the teacher can really empower their students. According to Petty (2009) Inclusion, diversity, entitlement, differentiation, ensuring equal opportunities and personalized learning require teachers to treat students as individuals.When planning sessions it is important that the teacher plans for inclusion, an effective way to do this is to make sure session plans are written beforehand and â€Å"includes methods that appeal to visual, auditory, and kinaesthetic learners† Wilson (2009) Sessions should follow a structured style, that includes a introduction, middle and end, it should also include lots of interaction between the teacher and the class, b ut also make sure there are lots of things to do such as quizzes, visuals (PowerPoint) and games.The teacher should also analyze the class as it progresses to make any needed changes but also make an effort to make sure everyone in the class feel included. â€Å"Support your less able learners and stretch the imagination of the gifted ones† Wilson (2009)The Use of different resources to help each learner get the most from the session is important, aim to be creative with your learners, if there is a lot of talking in a planned session create hand outs to aid visual learners to help them follow, a great way to invite kinaesthic learners to learn is to give them hand outs and ask them to fill in blank words as they go though the session, by making sure the session is varied and has lots to do ensures that the needs of VAK are being met.Great resource openers, fillers and closers include word searches, quizzes, and crosswords can be given to those learners who are quick to finis h or for those who need an alternative exercise. Communication Communication is a means of passing on information from one person to another; it can be verbal, non-verbal or written Gravells (2008) Communication is generally in one of three ways; 1. Written – this can be long hand, short hand, text, images 2. Verbal – spoken, direct face-to-face or indirect on the telephone 3.Non-verbal, also know as body language – dress, facial expression, Proximity, and touch. In any communication exchange, the teacher should ensure that what has been offered has been understood. Pausing to summarize the things that have been spoken and heard can do this, and by asking questions to get feedback from learners to make sure they have understood and comprehended the topic. The key with any communication understands the message, which is being conveyed which can be done via questions and answer sessions, quizzes, questionnaires, feedback sessions.For communication to be effective the teacher needs to understand the intrinsic barriers to effective communication these can include the following: * Jargon and specialist terminology – write specialist words or info On the board so learners understand * Level of language depends on age of the learner be mindful when Developing hand outs so learners understand * Language and accent- speak clearly and slowly * Noise background noise can be distracting, fans, computers outside Noise * Listening and writing some people can not write and listen at the Same time, time should be given for note taking Talking and listening- speed, timing and allow for thinking time Integrating functional skills Functional skills are an initiative that was devised by the government to standardize qualifications in English, maths, and ICT. Functional skills are also known, †¢ Basic skills †¢ Common skills †¢ Key skills †¢ Core skills However they are now known as functional skills and these refer to the mastery of English (lit and language), maths (numeracy) ICT (info technology) These are the skills that underpin all learning and without them learners will struggle to meet the needs and demands of their chosen qualification, work and life skills.Government 14-19 education and skills white paper employers have identified functional skills as vital skills to learning, and functional skills can be taught in any class setting. English/ Literacy – spelling competitions – Discussions – Presentations Maths – – real life skills – Calculations – Interpreting and presenting results ICT – finding and selecting information – Entering and developing information.Embedding functional skills means that English, maths and ICT are delivered within any session in a clear concise way with out the learner realising it is being taught. â€Å" Integrating functional skills into your teaching means that you will set activities which meet the literacy, or numeracy standards; they may or may not be in context. By incorporating functional skills into every activity they will become embedded† Wilson (2009) Integrating functional skills is essential for helping learners to achieve and succeed in the future.Learning should engage, motivate and enthuse each learner on an individual basis, this means the learners individual needs should be considered and language, literacy, and numeracy skill levels should be considered, teachers should make sure each learner is taught in a way that they feel engaged, respected, safe, secure, and valued. Teachers should seek to use communication strategies that are within the learner’s range of understanding to motivate them.Wilson (2009) suggests that teaching and learning strategies should vary according to how the teacher will engage and support the learners within the time allowed, by using a range of learning methods, materials and resources each learner will feel included and supporte d with in the learning environment. Reference page Life long leaning UK (1997) Inclusive learning approaches for literacy, language, numeracy and ICT Scales. P. (2008) life long learning sector. Wilson. L. (2009) Practical teaching, a guide to PTLLS and DTLLS,

Martial Arts Influence in Indonesia Essay

Martial arts in Indonesia all started when the Chinese raced Indonesians brought the Chinese martial arts to Indonesia allowing Indonesian martial arts to develop. The martial arts depicted in Kho Ping Hoo and the movie ‘Merantau’ both have similarities and differences. Kho Ping Hoo was a famous Indonesian martial art author with Chinese ethnicity who wrote stories about martial art. Kho Ping Hoo was inspired from Hongkong and Taiwanese films. Kho Ping Hoo wrote books illegally since during that era, anything that was Chinese related was banned including the language. The type of martial art Kho Ping Hoo wrote was KungFu. KungFu is a martial art of self-defense. Kungfu is a martial art where the aim is to attack the pressure points and any other weak spots. Kungfu uses both hand and foot techniques. The kunfu techniques could also be applied on bamboo sticks, nun chucks, swords, spears and many other weapons; Kungfu techniques could pretty much be applied in anything realistic as a weapon. Kungfu is one of the most popular and oldest well known martial arts. Kho Ping Hoo mentioned that Kungfu is a martial art of internal energy. The movie ‘Merantau’ is an Indonesian martial art based movie, mainly silak minang. ‘Merantau’ means to seek for an opportunity in a new place. Silak minang is a type of Indonesian martial art, pencak silat. The specific type of martial art used in the movie was silat harimau. This martial art concentrates on the movement of a tiger. Silat harimau is a martial art which can be fought with both legs and arms. Silat harimau has a specific weapon used called the ‘kuku harimau’ which has a concaved shape. This weapon is used as an extension nail whereas can give severe damage. The Silak minang is mainly used for self defense. There are many similarities and differences between the martial arts in the movie ‘Merantau’ and the martial mentioned in Kho Ping Hoo’s book. A difference is that Kho Ping Hoo didn’t mention any specific weapon used in Kungfu apart from a bamboo stick. However, in the movie ‘Merantau’ the people that demonstrate the martial art of silek minang uses a weapon called ‘kuku harimau.’ A similarity is that both silek minang and kungfu is used as a purpose of self – defense. However Silek minang could also be performed in a ceremony or a festival. In conclusion, the martial arts depicted in Kho Ping Hoo and the movie ‘Merantau’ both have similarities and differences. Even though both these martial arts come from different places, they are both used as a purpose of self – defense.

Discovery Rules

Criminal or civil litigation is the last resort for seeking justice from the system. Given the large number of litigation suits filed in democratic countries as the United States, there is a need to seek recompense in justice outside the legal system or before parties concerned agree to bring the issue to a court of law. These measures however need to be institutionalized so that both parties are satisfied with the processes and are encouraged to resolve the matter outside the court of law.The mechanism of discovery rules is one such instrument which has provided for pre-trial phase in a law suit. The discovery procedure allows the parties in a law suit to request for evidence including documents from the other parties. The law provides for making such requests which could be for production as well as depositions. If required sub poenas can be issued for production of evidence. The discovery rules if used purposefully can lead to minimizing litigations as well as provide justice to l itigants.The aim of the prosecution is to collect sufficient evidence to establish veracity of the case and to ensure justice. However frequently the prosecution acts as an instrument to prove guilt of the accused. This mistaken notion results in subverting the very process that is required to be undertaken under the discovery rules. To avoid this anomaly it is essential that the prosecution discloses all evidence to the accused in a criminal case prior to the trial.Having so displayed information in all respects, be it exculpatory or inculpatory by the prosecution, the defendant will be able to establish culpability of the offence and in turn decide either to challenge the case or to disclose as much evidence as possible for the prosecution to assess if the case is to be pursued or will achieve the ends of justice. The defendant is granted very justifiably protection under the Fifth Amendment, a privilege of attorney-client relationship as well as against self recrimination because of which he should not be required to disclose evidence to the prosecution.This ensures that practical problems of implementing discovery rules are overcome. Prosecution can misuse discovery rules to extract maximum evidence regarding the case to strengthen arguments rather than seeking ends of justice. As Stracher (1998) has indicated the best legal minds are involved in manipulation of evidence rather than seeking ends of justice. Thus it would be appropriate for the defendant is able to exercise privileges granted in the present socio-legal environment.